“Withholding Medical Treatment” References:
Posted here.
Aibinder, W.R. (2025) Rotator Cuff Tears. Available at: https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/rotator-cuff-tears/ (Accessed: 13 October 2025).
Chahla, J. (no date) Effects of Untreated Shoulder Instability / Shoulder Dislocation. Available at: https://www.jorgechahlamd.com/shoulder/effects-of-untreated-shoulder-instability-shoulder-dislocation-chicago/ (Accessed: 13 October 2025).
Children’s Hospital Colorado (2019) Shoulder Dislocation and Repair. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ApBar-qtIg (Accessed: 13 October 2025).
Larry B. Mellick, MD (2013) Shoulder Dislocation Emergency. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HzROgg-HWPk (Accessed: 13 October 2025).
Mehta, P. (no date) A Complete Guide to Shoulder Dislocation. Available at: https://www.resilienceorthopedics.com/shoulder/shoulder-dislocation/ (Accessed: 13 October 2025).
NHS University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire (2020) Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics Rotator Cuff Tear. Available at: https://www.uhcw.nhs.uk/download/clientfiles/files/Patient%20Information%20Leaflets/Trauma%20and%20Neuro%20services/Trauma%20and%20Orthopaedics/Rotator%20cuff%20tear.pdf (Accessed: 13 October 2025)
NYU Langone Health (no date) Nonsurgical Treatment for Shoulder Dislocation. Available at: https://nyulangone.org/conditions/shoulder-dislocation/treatments/nonsurgical-treatment-for-shoulder-dislocation (Accessed: 13 October 2025).
Wittstein, J.R. (2024) Shoulder Instability Surgery. Available at: https://www.dukehealth.org/treatments/orthopaedics/shoulder-dislocation-and-instability (Accessed: 13 October 2025).













