Part VII Louis XIVâs Final Summer Set (Nâ° 1984)
The fate of this set is, like its entry, somewhat perplexing as contemporary sources contradict one another. Memorialists of the time claim that instead of inheriting the set, the Duke of Tresmes, First Gentleman of the Room, received financial compensation [162], while the Garde-Meuble, on the other hand, maintains that the Duke did in fact inherit the set alongside those present in the Antechamber and Cabinet [163]. The latter version is the most plausible, as it explains both the absence of set 1984 from the 1729 general inventory and the decision to create a new summer set for the bedchamber upon Louis XVâs return to Versailles in 1723.
Furthermore, the death inventory of the Duke of Tresmes in 1739 mentions a satin Persian-style crimson background, present on the second floor of his townhouse under the number 135 [164], corresponding to the set described in the death inventory of King Louis XIV, which was meant to be inherited by the Duke.
page from the Duke of Tresmes Death Inventory, Number 135 AN MC ET II 473
The brocades used in the creation of set 1984 came from earlier deliveries in 1687 and 1688 by the Parisian fabric supplier Charlier. Indeed, at the end of the 1705 entry, we learn that LalliĂŠ used brocades numbered 96, 991, 116, and 128 for the bed, seats, footrest cushions, tablecloth, and fire screen, described as âa satin Persian-style brocade,â also referred to as the small-pattern brocade. Brocades 95 and 98, called the large-pattern brocade, were used for the bed and alcove tapestry. These brocades were described on July 23, 1686, as âpieces of brocade one ell wide, with crimson background with patterns of gold and silver in Persian colorsâ [165]. The delivery of brocade 98 can be traced to February 4, 1687 [166]. Jules Guiffrey reconstructed a more complete description of the brocade by combining elements mentioned in several sources: âFive pieces of rich brocade, one ell wide, with crimson red satin background; featuring compartments, cornucopias, scrolls, and flowers woven in gold and silver, with contours around the ornaments in violet, green, and blue silk, in the Persian style, made by Mr. Charlier of Parisâ [167]. For the 1705 delivery, eight pieces of large brocade were destined for the alcove tapestry alongside seven pieces of column brocade. These column brocades were part of a delivery from November 29, 1688, by Gautier and manufactured in Lyon. They were described as âcolumns of rich brocade with vine branches and grapes, with a base and capital woven in gold and silver, twisted, with musk, on a crimson satin backgroundâ [168] and received the number 124. Designs featuring twisted brocade columns were fashionable at the time; Swedish diplomat CronstrĂśm even discussed similar ones in his correspondence with Swedish royal architect Tessin, where they considered possible decor for royal apartments in Sweden. CronstrĂśm wrote, âOne could also take satins from Turin and have twisted columns and borders or friezes made, cut according to the design of Mr. Berain. All of this would be appropriate, new, and in good taste.â Mr. Berain was indeed the royal ornamentalist for the King of France. The column designs CronstrĂśm referenced, which he sketched, are now in the Stockholm National Museum collection.
National Museum, Stockholm, NMH CC 1382 recto
This layout, however, differs from the one described in the Kingâs bedchamber at King Louis XIVâs death, where set 1984 is mentioned with an alcove tapestry of only five pieces of large brocade alongside six pieces of column brocade [169]. Moreover, the dimensions of the alcove tapestry as described in 1705 far exceed the size of the bedchamberâs western wall, given that each large piece of brocade was one French ell wide (1.18m) and the brocade column half that width, totaling 13.6 meters (44.52 ft). This discrepancy suggests set 1984 was used in the Versailles Kingâs bedchamber almost incidentally rather than as a planned choice. This discrepancy in the alcove layout of 1715 featured only five pieces of the large brocade, each one ell wide, and six pieces of column brocade, each half an ell wide, totaling eight French ells or 9.44 meters (31 ft), which is much closer to the actual dimension of the Kingâs alcove.
The main element of set 1984 was its state bed, with its impressive dimensions. Its components were:
⢠No Headboard: None of the descriptions indicate the presence of a headboard.
⢠The Headcloth: Made of two pieces of the large brocade according to the 1705 Garde-Meuble diary [170] and four according to the 1715 death inventory [171].
⢠The Valences: Both the 1705 and 1715 entries spare details on the main fabric used, only noting crimson satin lining. It could be inferred that they were crimson to match the background of the brocade. Large gold fringes formed festoons at the bottom [172], and this style of valence, different from the previously used campanes, was increasingly popular at the time. Similar ones appear in a painting by Louis Silvestre depicting Louis XIV Receiving the Prince Elector of Saxony in his Fontainebleau bedchamber near the end of his life.
: Louis XIV reçoit à Fontainebleau le prince-Êlecteur de Saxe, 27 septembre 1714, Louis de Silvestre and Hyacinthe Rigaud, oil on canvas, 1715, 120 x 155 cm, Château de Versailles, MV 4344
⢠The Curtains: Two bonnes grâces, four curtains, and two cantonières are mentioned, with gold fringes at the edges and bottom, lined with the same fabric. The brocade used is not specified, but we can infer that it was the smaller pattern given that the headcloth, mentioned afterward, is said to have been of âthe larger pattern brocade,â implying the curtains were not.
⢠The Quilt: See above.
⢠The Case Curtain: Made of crimson gros de Tours taffeta, with gold fringes at the bottom and edges, hanging from a golden rod.
⢠The Columns: The two front columns were placed in a sheath of large-pattern brocade.
⢠The Vases/Finials: Four in total (one at each corner), filled with feathers and covered in the large-pattern brocade.
7.3 The Armchairs and Stools
Two armchairs were included in the 1705 delivery [173] and three in 1715 [174]. We can assume that an additional armchair was added once the set was transferred to the bedchamber, possibly used with the table. They were garnished with gold fringes at the bottom, and their wood was surprisingly painted red with gold floral decorations. The brocade used was the small pattern, specifically brocades 96, 99, 116, and 128 as described on July 23, 1686: âTwo pieces of brocade, two feet wide, with crimson background and elevated patterns in gold and silver with Persian colorsâ [175]. In 1886, Jules Guiffrey attempted to enhance that vague description by referencing entries from the brocade chapter of the 1729 general inventory and brocade discharges from set 1984, creating this more precise description of the small pattern brocade of number 96: âTwo pieces of brocade, two feet wide, with crimson satin background, cornucopias, rinceaux, and flowers of elevated gold and silver, with outlines in green and purple silk, in the Persian style, from the Charlier manufacture in Parisâ [176]. The specifics of the colors are consistent with brocade discharges noted at the end of the entry for set 1984 [177].
The twelve folding stools were similar in terms of brocade and style to the armchairs, with gold fringes and woods painted in red with some gilded ornaments.
The fire screen was similar to the seats, with the small-pattern brocade, gold braids around the edges, and wood painted to match the fabric. A braid with a lead pear covered with gold bouquets is also mentioned [178].
7.5 The Table and Tablecloth
The set came with a tablecloth made of the smaller brocade, with fringes on the sides and at the bottom, lined with taffeta, along with a red leather table rug with gold fringes. The table mentioned in the 1715 death inventory under these tablecloths was likely the fir table previously listed in the 1708 inventory and used with set 1379 (see Part 6.6) [179].
7.6 The Portières Tapestries
At the time of the 1705 delivery, no portières were included, and they only appear in the 1715 death inventory [180]. They were made from five pieces of brocade each and described as âassorted to the one of the bed.â Each of the four doors was equipped with one, embellished with gold fringes on their sides, and lined with crimson taffeta.
6.7 The Portieres Tapestries
At the time of the 1705 delivery, no portieres were included; they are only mentioned in the 1715 death inventory [160]. Made from five pieces of brocade each and âassorted to the one on the bed,â each of the four doors was equipped with one. They were embellished with gold fringes on their sides and lined with crimson taffeta.
[135] AN O1/3308 fâ° 9 râ°
[136] AN O1/3298 folder 3, item 4, fâ° 1
[137] Verlet 1961 and Castelluccio 2016 mention set 1379 while omitting set 1984, while Meyer 1980 and Richard 2018 mention set 1984 while omitting set 1379.
[138] Hans 2022 confuses sets 1379 and 1984 and provides a description combining elements from both sets.
[139] AN O1/3308 fâ° 9 râ°
[141] AN O1/3298 folder 3, item 4, fâ° 2 vâ°
[142] The folio 135 of the 1705 Garde-Meuble diary (AN O1/3308) is missing.
[143] Saint-Simon, tome XXIII, p. 213; Dangeau Journal, ĂŠd. E. SouliĂŠ, Paris, Firmin Didot, 1854-1860, tome XVII, p. 177
[144] AN O1/3298 folder 3, item 2
[146] AN O1/3306 fâ° 31 vâ°
[148] Guiffrey, Jules. Inventaire gÊnÊral du mobilier de la couronne sous Louis XIV (1663-1715), deuxième partie. Paris: Au siège de la sociÊtÊ, 1886, p. 198
[151] AN O1/3308 fâ° 7 vâ°
[153] AN O1/3308 fâ° 7 vâ°
[154] AN O1/3308 fâ° 7 vâ°
[156] AN O1/3306 fâ° 31 vâ°
[157] Guiffrey, Inventaire gĂŠnĂŠral du mobilier de la couronne sous Louis XIV, 1886 edition, vol. 2, p. 198
[158] AN O1/3308 fâ° 8 râ°