As Iâm interested in wine consumption and alcohol dependency, I created a subset of the data that includes only people who had consumed wine in the last 12 months. I then analyzed the frequencies of three variables: the type of wine consumed, alcohol abuse/dependence in the last 12 months, and origin or ancestry.
The most frequently consumed wine was regular wine, reported by 82.8% of respondents, followed by champagne or sparkling wine. There is no distinction in the data regarding whether the regular wine was red, white, or rosĂŠ.
Almost 88% of wine drinkers reported no alcohol abuse or dependence in the last 12 months. Seven percent reported alcohol abuse only, while 3% reported both alcohol abuse and dependence.
The distribution of wine drinkers by ancestry was diverse: 11% were African American, followed by individuals of European descent (11% English, 16% German, 9% Irish, 6% Italian). Interestingly, only 3% of wine drinkers had French ancestry.
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I decided to work with the NESARC data. Because Iâm interested to know how much wine is needed for a person to be considered as alcohol dependent.
Sure, an excess of wine consumption will promote the alcohol dependence, but how about people that leave in European countries. They drink wine almost every day and that doesnât make them alcohol dependent. Therefore, I decided to explore the number or glasses of wine consumed, the type of wine and the familial ascendency.
Research has explored the relationship between wine consumption and alcohol dependence (AD), revealing various insights regarding consumption patterns, demographic influences, and health outcomes.
A significant study by Flensborg-Madsen et al. (2008) found that individuals who primarily consume wine have a lower risk of developing alcohol use disorders (AUD) compared to those who consume beer or distilled spirits. This study analyzed data from a diverse population and indicated that for both genders, drinking more than 35% of total alcohol intake as wine was associated with a notably reduced risk of AUDâ0.8 for men and 2.0 for womenâcompared to higher risks associated with beer consumption [1].
Kerr et al. (2004) examined the influences of age, period, and cohort on beverage-specific alcohol consumption in the United States from 1979 to 2000. The study highlighted that increased educational attainment correlates with higher wine consumption and lower beer consumption among different cohorts. Notably, this research underscores how socio-demographic factors influence drinking behaviors, which may relate to varying risks for alcohol dependence across different age groups [2].
Rosoff et al. (2021) conducted a Mendelian randomization study involving over 780,000 participants to assess the causal effects of educational attainment on alcohol use behaviors, including AD risk. Their findings indicated that higher educational attainment was associated with increased wine consumption while reducing risky drinking behaviors like binge drinking. This suggests an indirect relationship where education may mitigate risks associated with alcohol dependence through altered consumption patterns [3].
The PURE Poland cohort study (2021) examined patterns of alcohol consumption among 2,021 adult participants from urban and rural areas in Poland. The study revealed that 54.6% of participants frequently consumed low-alcohol beverages like wine and beer, with significant differences in drinking behaviors based on gender and education level. Current drinkers showed higher odds of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases compared to abstainers, indicating potential health risks associated with alcohol consumption [4].
The reviewed literature indicates a complex relationship between wine consumption and alcohol dependence influenced by demographic factors such as age, gender, education, and beverage preference. While moderate wine consumption appears to be associated with lower risks of AUD compared to other alcoholic beverages, further research is needed to fully understand these dynamics across different populations. The findings suggest that promoting wine over other alcoholic beverages may be beneficial in reducing the incidence of alcohol-related disorders within specific demographic groups.
Citations:
[1] Flensborg-Madsen T, Knop J, Mortensen EL, Becker U, Makhija N, Sher L, Grønbaek M. Beverage preference and risk of alcohol-use disorders: a Danish prospective cohort study. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2008 May;69(3):371-7. doi: 10.15288/jsad.2008.69.371. PMID: 18432379.
[2] Kerr WC, Greenfield TK, Bond J, Ye Y, Rehm J. Age, period and cohort influences on beer, wine and spirits consumption trends in the US National Alcohol Surveys. Addiction. 2004 Sep;99(9):1111-20. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00820.x. PMID: 15317631.
[3] Rosoff DB, Clarke TK, Adams MJ, McIntosh AM, Davey Smith G, Jung J, Lohoff FW. Educational attainment impacts drinking behaviors and risk for alcohol dependence: results from a two-sample Mendelian randomization study with ~780,000 participants. Mol Psychiatry. 2021 Apr;26(4):1119-1132. doi: 10.1038/s41380-019-0535-9. Epub 2019 Oct 25. PMID: 31649322; PMCID: PMC7182503.
[4] ZatoĹska K, Psikus P, Basiak-RasaĹa A, StÄpnicka Z, WoĹyniec M, WojtyĹa A, Szuba A, PoĹtyn-Zaradna K. Patterns of Alcohol Consumption in the PURE Poland Cohort Study and Their Relationship with Health Problems. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Apr 15;18(8):4185. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18084185. PMID: 33920940; PMCID: PMC8071311.
