Two types of energy sources:
Primary sources: one that has not been transformed or converted before use by the consumer. Examples:
Coal burnt direct to convert chemical potential energy to internal energy of the water.
Kinetic energy of wind to produce secondary source of energy (electricity).
Secondary sources: One energy source that results from the transformation of a primary source. Example:
Electricity comes always from primary source.
Renewable and nonrenewable energy sources
Primary sources are then divided to renewable and nonrenewable
Renewable: primary source energy that can be replenished in relatively short times (on the scale of a human lifetime). Examples:
Nonrenewable: primary source energy that can be replaced but only over long geological times (fossil fuels). Examples:
Fossil fuels emerge when vegetable matter is buried deep under ground and is converted through the effects of pressure and high temperature. Current fossil fuels were buried 300 million years ago.
There exists mechanism today that create fossil fuels in suitable wetland areas, but Creation < Consumption
Electricity as a secondary and versatile form of energy
Energy sources: all energy has useful and wasted energy
From trees (various types) - different types release different amounts of energy
Composed of dead plants which were compressed by sand. Takes millions of years to be compressed by the land
Dead microscopic organisms that fell to the bottom of the ocean and were compressed by the sand and water. Non-renewable.
First the coal is burned releasing heat. This heat is directed towards a water tank. As the water heats, it evaporates through a small section of the tank becoming steam. Through this section the high pressure of the steam forces a turbine to spin a generator, which finally creates energy. Afterwards, this steam condenses as it moves the turbine flowing back to the original water tank.
Nuclear power station
Diagram
The energy here is created through the splitting of atoms. This generates around 100 million times more energy than the burning of coal. This process however, needs energy in order to be completed. This occurs through the addition of a neutron to the molecule. This energy increases the binding energy forcing the molecule to accept the neutron, causing them to split. However, this generates extra neutrons. These can later bind with other uranium molecules continuing the process.
Moderation
If the neutrons are passing to fast, they will pass straight through molecule. The neutrons must pass slowly in order for the interaction to occur. This is done by adding moderador nucleus. (These nucleus)
Critical mass
The mass necessary for uranium for a neutron to not pass through the uranium piece (making the process possible)
Control
In order for a chain reaction not to occur, control rods are used to absorb some of the neutrons. These rods stabilize the reaction allowing humans to control the reaction.
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