Smart Energy Regulation System
In this report, we will discuss about the uses of energy and the increasing cost of energy, so there is a need to control and save energy and to lower the cost of energy, we must use energy efficiently. so, there is a need of a smart system which could be able to save energy. This system is called Smart energy regulation system. In this report we will talk about the Smart energy regulation system.
We will discuss that how we can save energy and to lower the cost of energy by using this system. We will discuss about different sensors to detect environment and different actuators which will perform different actions by using data from sensors. The sensors can be temperature sensors to control temperature of rooms and it can be camera to detect humans in room, it could be IR Sensors in washroom to detect hands of human to on/off the tunnel of water to save water and energy.
It can be ultra-sonic sensors to detect water in the tank. It can be smart meters which will notify us about the rate or price of energy per hour, per day, per week, per month or per year and it can also notify the system and us about the peak hours. There should be mobile app through which we can control all these things.
There should be a computer or micro controller which control all these things. All the devices of home should be connected to this controller and gives data to this controller so that this controller should be able to control all the devices in home to save energy.
What is smart energy regulation system?
The smart energy regulation system monitors the environment and it autonomously control all the devices in home to save energy and to lower the cost of energy. Smart energy regulation system uses energy efficiently. “Smart energy regulation system” is energy efficient. It consumes less energy and gives maximize output.it is easy to use. It is affordable.
It allows every device to turn on when there is needed otherwise it will turn off the device to save energy. It notifies the user about all the situations, so that the user can also manage everything manually otherwise it will autonomously manage everything.
Each device of the home is connected to this system and this system manage and control each device according to the environment.
Why do you need this system?
The sources of energy are decreasing day by day due to over population and extra and inefficient use of energy. So, the prices of energy also increasing day by day, so there is a need of a system which will autonomously control each and everything to save energy and to lower the cost of energy.
So that there is an efficient use of energy. For these reasons we need this smart energy regulation system.
There are different point of views and different solution of every person. I have developed my system according to my point of view and my requirements.
In my smart energy regulation system, there should be a mobile application through which we can manage each devices of home. This mobile application should be connected to a micro-controller or micro-computer which would be hidden.
There would be different sensors in home to detect or get the data of environment so based upon this sensed data the micro controller can manage the devices of home.
Each devices and sensors of this system would be connected to this hidden micro-computer or micro-controller.
There would be a local network of the home where each device and sensors have its own IP address and they would connect to the server through this IP address. So, this is an IOT based system.
Also, there are different users of this system. they have their own authentications and permissions to use different devices. They have their own profile and accounts through which they can login and use the mobile application and each user have specific permissions to use different devices.
And the parents have all the permissions and they can allow different user the permissions and authentication to use different devices of home.
There should be a smart meter of home, this meter should also be connected to this system. This smart meter notifies the user through mobile application about the cost of energy per hour, per day , per week and per month. And it also notifies the user about peak hours of energy where the cost of energy would be higher.
There should be two modes of this application. One is manual mode and second one is autonomous/automatic mode.
In manual mode, all devices can be manually controlled by the user. The user would turn on or turn off the device by using the mobile application. The data of every sensor or device would be seen by the user like the data of smart meter. The user can see the cost of per hour, per day, per week and per month or per year.
And user can also see the cost of peak hours so he can manage or control each device according to his wish by watching the cost of energy in different hours like peak hours or without peak hours.
And in autonomous mode, all devices would be controlled by the computer. It would manage control each device according to its data. It would efficiently use the energy. It would control the devices according to its environment. For example, when someone enters the room the lights of room will turned on otherwise it will be turned off.
Also, this system will have three sources of energy through solar cells, through UPS and through the main connection of WAPDA.
It will utilize each source according to the its need.
When there is less need of energy then it will use solar cells energy and all other sources of energy would be disabled and when there is need of moderate energy it will utilize UPS energy and when there is need of greater energy then the threshold then it will use the main source of energy of WAPDA. So, by managing this we can save a lot of energy and we can lower the cost of energy.
There are different sensors for controlling / managing different devices.
There should be a temperature sensor in all rooms to control the temperature of rooms.
When the temperature is below the threshold then the system will turn on the heater and turn off all the fans and air conditioners and when the temperature is above the threshold then system will turn on the fans and the air conditioners.
Also, there should be a smart fridge in which there is a temperature sensor which will detect the temperature of fridge and when the temperature is below the threshold the system will turn off the fridge and when the temperature is above the threshold then system will turn on the fridge. So, we can save the energy by using this system.
Also, there should be a light sensor which detect the sunlight, when its daytime then all the windows of house will be closed autonomously by the system and when its evening or nighttime then all windows of house will be opened by the system.
There should be a camera in all rooms to detect human. When anyone enters in the room then camera will detect human through image processing and the system will turn on the lights and when he left the room then the system will turn off the lights autonomously.
There should be an IR sensor in the tunnel of washrooms and kitchens which will detect the hands or dishes or any other thing under the tunnel of water. When there is something under the tunnel then the system will turn on the tunnel and when there is nothing under the tunnel then the system will automatically turn off the tunnel of water. So, in this way we can save energy as well as water by using this system.
There should be ultrasonic sensors in the tank of water of home which detect the volume of water in the tank. When the volume of water is below the threshold then the system will turn on the water motor and fills the tank of water and when the volume of water reaches the upper threshold then the system will automatically turn offs the water motor so in this way, we can save energy.
There should be a camera at the door of home which detects the authorized person to enter in the home and stops the unknown person to enter in the home by using image processing.
Also, this whole system will be enabled when the user is in the house, when the camera detects the user then it will enable the whole system otherwise all the system will be on sleep mode and all the devices will be turned off.
So, this system is very energy efficient and by using this system we can save a lot amount of energy and we can lower the cost of energy as well. So, this system is very useful.
Use case diagram for automatic lights and fans of a room:
Use case of Mobile application to add or remove different users:
1. Functional:
There should be a hidden micro-controller or micro-computer which control all the devices, sensors and actuators.
There is a local network of home in which all sensors and devices have its own IP address and they are connected to the network. So, this system is IOT based.
Temperature sensors for sensing temperature and can autonomously on/off heater , fans or air conditioner.
Camera for detecting any human in the room for on/off lights of room.
Light sensors to detect light to on/off the windows of house.
IR sensors to detect human hands or other things in washroom or kitchen to on/off the tunnel to effectively use of water and energy.
Camera at the door/gate of house to detect authorized person to enter in the home. To open doors of house.
Temperature sensor in fridge to maintain the temperature of fridge, when temperature is above threshold it will autonomously turn on the fridge and when temperature is below the threshold then it will turn off the fridge to “save energy”.
There should be ultrasonic sensor in the tank of house to detect the volume of water in tank, so the system can on/off the water motor in house. When the water is below to the threshold level then it will turn on the motor and the water will fill in the tank autonomously and when it will be filled by sensing through ultra-sonic sensor then the motor will be turn off to save the energy.
2. Non-Functional:
There should be a mobile application through which we can control and monitor everything.
There should be two modes of it, one is manual in which user can control all devices manually and the second one is autonomous in which all devices are controlled based upon the environment by the system.
There should be different accounts for different users having different authorizations. Only parents account has all the permissions and authorizations. And they can also allow different users the permissions and authorizations.
There should be smart meter, which should tell us about the effective usage and rate or cost of unit per hour, per day, per week and per year. And it should also notify us about the peak hours so that we can manually manage all the devices, or it should be done through context-aware/ autonomous mode.
There should be three sources of power/electricity i-e, solar cells, UPS and main connection to WAPDA. It should autonomously use the sources of power. When there is very low use of electricity then it will use solar cells, on moderate level it should use UPS, and when it needed more energy then it will use the main power connection of WAPDA. This need of electricity should be found through smart electric meter. Also, when there are peak hours then it will power off the main connection and use solar cells source or UPS source of power.
1. Environment:
The environment can be context-aware or manual by the user.
There is camera which will do image processing for all rooms and when someone enters in the room then the system will turn on the lights otherwise the light will be turned off by the system.
Ubicomp characteristics of proposed system
The ubicomp characteristic of my proposed system is that there is a mobile application through which we can manage each devices of home. This mobile application should be connected to a micro-controller or micro-computer which would be hidden.
There would be different sensors in home to detect or get the data of environment so based upon this sensed data the micro controller can manage the devices of home.
Each devices and sensors of this system would be connected to this hidden micro-computer or micro-controller.
There would be a local network of the home where each device and sensors have its own IP address and they would connect to the server through this IP address. So, this is an IOT based system.
Also, there are different users of this system. they have their own authentications and permissions to use different devices. They have their own profile and accounts through which they can login and use the mobile application and each user have specific permissions to use different devices.
And the parents have all the permissions and they can allow different user the permissions and authentication to use different devices of home.
There should be a smart meter of home, this meter should also be connected to this system. This smart meter notifies the user through mobile application about the “cost of energy” per hour, per day , per week and per month. And it also notifies the user about peak hours of energy where the cost of energy would be higher.
There should be two modes of this application. One is manual mode and second one is autonomous/automatic mode.
In manual mode, all devices can be manually controlled by the user. The user would turn on or turn off the device by using the mobile application. The data of every sensor or device would be seen by the user like the data of smart meter. The user can see the cost of per hour, per day, per week and per month or per year.
And user can also see the cost of peak hours so he can manage or control each device according to his wish by watching the cost of energy in different hours like peak hours or without peak hours.
And in autonomous mode, all devices would be controlled by the computer. It would manage /control each device according to its data. It would efficiently use the energy. It would control the devices according to its environment.
For example, when someone enters the room the lights of room will turned on otherwise it will be turned off.
Also, this system will have three sources of energy through solar cells, through UPS and through the main connection of WAPDA.
It will utilize each source according to the its need.
When there is less need of energy then it will use solar cells energy and all other sources of energy would be disabled and when there is need of moderate energy it will utilize UPS energy and when there is need of greater energy then the threshold then it will use the main source of energy of WAPDA. So, by managing this we can save a lot of energy and we can lower the cost of energy.
Existing solutions, comparison and limitation
Existing solutions:
The Existing solution of smart energy regulations is based on smart homes in which there is separate systems for different things, for example for turn on light of rooms there is separate system and for turning on or off windows of rooms there is separate system. And there are separate mobile apps for doing these activities.
They are not IOT Based.
They cannot have different users.
Comparison:
The comparison of existing solutions and my solution is that the existing systems have only one or two functionalities but, in my system, there is all the functionalities in one system.
In existing systems, they are not IOT based but my system is IOT Based.
In Existing systems, there is no functionality to add users in the system that have different authorizations and permissions but in my system we can add different users and can give them different authorizations, only parents have the main control or authorization and they can add different users and allow them different authorizations.
Limitations:
Only authorized person can enter in the home
System will be enabled when the user will enter in the house otherwise the system will be on sleep and all devices will be turned off.
If we want to go out and wants to remain fridge turned on it can’t happen because when we left the home all devices will be turned off.
There is a local network in home only, we cannot operate or use this system outside the home.
We cannot play the mobile application outside the home.
Design:
My proposed system design analysis is that there is a mobile application through which we can manage each devices of home. This mobile application should be connected to a micro-controller or micro-computer which would be hidden.
There would be different sensors in home to detect or get the data of environment so based upon this sensed data the micro controller can manage the devices of home.
Each devices and sensors of this system would be connected to this hidden “micro-computer” or “micro-controller”.
There would be a local network of the home where each device and sensors have its own IP address and they would connect to the server through this IP address. So, this is an IOT based system.
Also, there are different users of this system. they have their own authentications and permissions to use different devices. They have their own profile and accounts through which they can login and use the mobile application and each user have specific permissions to use different devices.
And the parents have all the permissions and they can allow different user the permissions and authentication to use different devices of home.
There should be a smart meter of home, this meter should also be connected to this system. This smart meter notifies the user through mobile application about the cost of energy per hour, per day, per week and per month.
And it also notifies the user about peak hours of energy where the cost of energy would be higher.
There should be two modes of this application. One is manual mode and second one is autonomous/automatic mode.
In manual mode, all devices can be manually controlled by the user. The user would turn on or turn off the device by using the mobile application. The data of every sensor or device would be seen by the user like the data of smart meter. The user can see the cost of per hour, per day, per week and per month or per year.
And user can also see the cost of peak hours so he can manage or control each device according to his wish by watching the “cost of energy” in different hours like peak hours or without peak hours.
And in autonomous mode, all devices would be controlled by the computer. It would manage /control each device according to its data. It would efficiently use the energy. It would control the devices according to its environment. For example, when someone enters the room the lights of room will turned on otherwise it will be turned off.
Also, this system will have three sources of energy through solar cells, through UPS and through the main connection of WAPDA.
It will utilize each source according to the its need.
When there is less need of energy then it will use solar cells energy and all other sources of energy would be disabled and when there is need of moderate energy it will utilize UPS energy and when there is need of greater energy then the threshold then it will use the main source of energy of WAPDA. So, by managing this we can save a lot of energy and we can lower the cost of energy.
This system will implement by using a micro controller like Node MCU that has Wi-Fi module and mobile application. This mobile application can be developed by us using android studio for android users and on IOS development tool for IOS users. We must create databases for different users because each user has different authorizations.
All the sensors and devices would be connected through this Node MCU. And we will program this microcontroller according to our system design.
The conclusion of this report is that the previous smart energy regulation systems was inefficient, but my new smart energy regulation system is energy efficient. And by using this system we can save a lot amount of energy and can lower the cost of energy.
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