Jaimie C. Atherton

Here at GardenRant we don’t use Google ads or aggressively pursue advertisers because we blog for the love of it, not to pay our mortgages. But like any website, we DO have expenses – for hosting, site maintenance and improvement.

So boy, do we ever appreciate our advertisers – like the prestigious organizations promoting books and educational opportunities on GardenRant right now. And today we interrupt our usual assortment of news, opinion, plant and people profiles and outright rants for a brief mention of our advertisers, with our thanks.

Speaking of prestigious, a New York Botanic Garden Certificate is definitely that, and can be pursued on an accelerated basis through their Summer Intensive Programs in Floral Design, Landscape Design or Gardening; intensive classes are also available in Botanical Art & Illustration and Horticultural Therapy.

If I lived closer to NYC I’d sign up for the course in Landscape Design myself. (I’m loving the class in Landscape Architecture that I’m auditing at the University of Maryland, but it’s teaching me how little I know.)

You’ll also find in our sidebar a new book about oaks from Kew Gardens, being distributed in the U.S. by the University of Chicago Press Books. They’re a long-time advertiser on GardenRant.

We’re honored by the support of such highly respected organizations.

Thanks to NY Botanic Garden and U. Chicago Press! originally appeared on GardenRant on April 21, 2019.

Here in the Mid-Atlantic there’s plenty of blooming action among bulbs, but in my own garden I only have eyes for my newest plants, especially the ones with big job requirements – shrubs for screening and groundcovers to do the obvious.

So take this Koreanspice viburnum, for instance. (V. carlesii). It’s full-grown now in its 7th year – a nice small size for small gardens – but this year it’s in a new spot, where it provides just enough privacy between my porch and the sidewalk behind my back yard.

After its super-fragrant blooms are gone the shrub looks a bit boring but hey, it’s still doing its job, with no work on my part.

Here’s a different view of that Viburnum with blooms of a ‘Forest Pansy’ redbud in its second spring here. On the right you see the privacy screen I had built about a year ago for the purpose of blocking of an ugly view, and love it!

Here’s a closer shot of the screen with ‘Ogon’ Spireas on either side and an Oakleaf Hydrangea leafing out in the middle.

Above and below are views of the screen from the sidewalk at the rear of the back yard. Above, the ‘Rising Sun’ redbud I planted last fall, in bloom.

Here the redbud’s leaves have turned yellow (thus the name ‘Rising Sun’) and a Fothergilla is blooming. Like the Koreanspice viburnum, Fothergillas aren’t much to look at once the blooms are gone, but in this out-of-the-way location that’s fine.

Now for a couple of groundcovers, starting with golden groundsel (Packera aurea), which is evergreen, native, and a reliable spreader in shady spots. I love it in this spot where it’s far from any azaleas, which bloom at the same time and to my eyes, look terrible combined with gold blooms like these.

Another groundcover I’m forever recommending is also evergreen; it’s the old-fashioned comfrey (Symphytum grandiflorum) just starting its long bloom period. Comfrey can also handle shade and spreads reliably, so I can’t figure out why no one grows them. Or sells them, for that matter.

Here in my front garden, more comfrey is filling in quickly around the foundation shrubs. Another ‘Ogon’ Spirea is at work hiding my new mini-split HVAC, which can just barely be seen behind it. Also shown is an Osmanthus heterophyllus ‘Goshiki’ (another of my favorite shrubs of all time) and an unidentified azalea.

That’s all for now from my little Maryland garden.

Favorite Shrubs and Ground Covers in my April Garden originally appeared on GardenRant on April 17, 2019.

  Botanically speaking, I suppose most horticulturists don’t do much with tulips in their home gardens. Despite a history rife in treacherous explorations which brought a plant from the dry eastern Mediterranean to low-country Holland, most horticulturists are on to other things. They dismiss the anthropologically fascinating story of markets, economies, and logistics. Many are likely ignorant of the sordid tales of obsession that prompted good, stout, Calvinist Dutch to try one or more of seven deadly sins. They’d probably take a leering interest in this if they knew, but they don’t. The transformative alchemy of selection and breeding from the earliest days of the Renaissance to modern times? Not the coolest subject in these times of native plants, naturalistic gardens, permaculture, and environmentally conscious gardening. So, okay. Maybe, just maybe, tulips are not, in fact, the most important thing going on in the Horticultural world at the moment. But, Lord help me, they just might remain the most beautiful.

The largest tulip bed at the Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden. Design by Zoo Horticulturist Tosh Dobias. Planted by Zoo Hort staff and many wonderful volunteers.

No other flower that I know of can conjure such saturated colors from soil, sun, and rain. No other flower glows with, seemingly, its own light. One alone, magnificent. In droves, beauty beyond measure. Enough beauty to melt the coldest heart of the most skeptical, disgruntled, and ideologically pure horticulturist among us. To the innocent masses, tulips are simply a glorious, breathtaking, and joyous gift to enjoy without restraint.

Crowd pleasers. Let’s face it, we need them. When we’re an expert and an ambassador, they are a tool. When we’re dumb consumers, a joy. They are, almost always, the impetus that stears ordinary people toward great passions. Without Meet the Beatles, we would never have gotten to Sargent Peppers. Without Sargent Peppers, how many other bands would have never begun? Or pushed the boundaries? How much other great music would we not have?

A Kodak moment and a memory of a spring day and gardens to treasure.

Tulips for truck drivers. Why not? 50 mph color to brighten anyone’s day.

If we’re smart, we leverage crowd pleasers. I work at the Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden and right now our tulip display, which is about 110,000 bulbs strong, is at its peak. Our visitorship is rocking. Each day, a thousand kids are parked in front of gardens and digitally captured for the ages. Who knows how many of them will take in these displays like a seed? In which of them will that seed grow into a lifetime of enjoying plants, making gardens, and beautifying our communities?

    Last Saturday the Garden Clubs of Ohio held an event based around the tulips. They had tours, they had lunch, and then heard a talk on the best plants for their gardens based on our plant trialing, and how these plants in more yards and gardens can benefit pollinators, human well-being, and more.

  Last night we held an evening fundraiser called Twilight in Tulips. The weather was perfect. The tulips never looked better and people enjoyed a great social event. They received tours of the gardens that introduced many of them to the plant trialing, native plant conservation, pollinator programs, and more that the Botanical Garden side of the Zoo does. Our guests then had a fine dinner, drinks, and then heard an inspiring and informative talk by acclaimed ethnobotanist, Mark Plotkin. Money that will support further work was raised. But just as importantly people met other people. They heard a message of amazing science, heroic conservations efforts, and hope. Who knows how many ideas were hatched?

What was it that brought them all together in the first place? A mass planting of an age old plant of enormous popular appeal. Sheer, unapologetic beauty will always get attention, as it should. Life without it is so greatly diminished. Not experiencing such beauty is a shame. Not leveraging it for a better world for the greater good would be a terrible, missed opportunity.

      Tulips For A Cause originally appeared on GardenRant on April 17, 2019.

These are among the perennials I am enjoying now. You can bet I am cutting away old stalks and raking away debris so I can see them.

It’s not that there isn’t plenty to feel bad about these days. Occurrences like yesterday’s horrific fire at Notre Dame cast such a dark pall that it’s easy to be tempted into end-times gloom and despair.

Which is all the more reason that we need to find hope and happiness in the small miracles of nature that we find in our gardens. We need to feel enthusiastic and confident about wresting beauty and sustenance from the landscapes, small and large, that surround us.

But that can be difficult when dark warnings of how gardeners are causing pollinator apocalypse and other disasters hurtle in via social media on a daily basis. As a co-administrator of a local garden group on Facebook, I’m finding that, even on this local level, communication via meme seems to be preferred over actual discussion. (Or, if not memes, then links to dubious-sounding blogs that I’ve never heard anyone refer to anywhere else.) “Don’t clean up your gardens!” is a popular cry, and now it’s not just in the fall, it’s in the spring too. Because in the spring, apparently, we’ll kill all the pollinators still hiding in the garden debris left from fall. If we in Western New York were to wait until consistent 50plus temps to do anything in the garden, nothing would get done until mid-June. Which is kind of late to get the garden going and also takes away well over a month of doing what we enjoy: gardening. And then there are all the “only natives” directives…

To be honest, I pay no heed. I’ve been at this too long. I do as much as I can: whatever makes sense to sustain the creatures and the plants. But then I see an actual worried post from someone who went out in her garden and raked when it was 48 degrees. Fortunately, I have a wise co-admin who has been gardening for many years and she replied: Nobody wants to kill pollinators, or ruin the soil, or destroy the environment, and you won’t. Gardening is fun. It’s the most sensuous activity you can do—PG rated—and you really won’t hurt anything.

She’s right. It’s the people who don’t even know memes like that exist, who have probably never gardened, and who only see the natural environment as something to employ for financial benefit who are really hurting things. We’re not them. So, meme people: Stop trying to scare us and go after the real problems.

Stop scaring the gardeners originally appeared on GardenRant on April 16, 2019.

Typically our garden design process begins with a brief from our clients on what they want from their space, we present our solutions to meet these needs, then execute our agreed design in its entirety. In the case of our Glen Iris project it ran a little differently. Our design was constructed over four stages between 2013 and 2017 to coincide with our clients extensive home renovation.

The landscape design brief given to us by our clients, a garden loving family of four, was to update their tired, run down garden and give it a new lease on life. We were encouraged to take our design to the edge of contemporary without straying too far from the traditional.

Taking on this project, we faced many landscaping challenges. Arguably the most pressing, to disguise the unattractive neighbouring block of units visible from the rear garden and provide a new ‘positive’ focal point. Towards the latter part of the construction, we also faced privacy issues with a new property being built next door.

Disguising neighbouring dwellings was not our only hurdle, we needed ways to improve the overall flow of the garden.

In theory, the fundamentals of the garden were to remain, a lawn area, pool and pavilion but all were in need of a functional, modern face lift.

Given the size of the property it afforded the opportunity to design different zones. Although considered to be self-contained gardens with their own purpose and feel, it was vital that these zones shared a common thread to help tie them together and give the entire garden design cohesion.

We chose classic plants reminiscent of the era but ensured the layout had a modern edge. To link the hard landscape surfaces we laid Travertine paving in a traditional method but in a contemporary layout to give it a slick sharp finish.

On our first site visit, we were delighted to find a magnificent specimen Golden Elm tree at the rear of the property, a key feature we happily worked around.

At the rear, to draw the eye down and create interest, Buxus spheres were “randomly placed” in the lawn (a nod to one of our favourite designers Tom Stuart-Smith).

To combat the neighbouring eyesore, screening was erected to block the units. Deciduous Pears previously used to hide the units were transplanted to another part of the garden to bulk up the effectiveness of the screening. A double row of evergreen Ficus ‘Flash’ were then used to form a continuous solid pleached hedge in helping to block out the flats while also providing a dark background for the bright light green foliage of the Golden Elm to stand out and become even more of a feature.

The garden bed under the double row of pleached Ficus has been planted out with mixed perennials. Viewed from the pavilion, the long bed extends for the length of the lawn with a client selected sculpture placed at the end to draw your eye through the differing perennials.

To improve the flow of the space, we levelled out the lawn and removed many unnecessary steps making it easier to move around the garden.

We relocated and rebuilt the stairs off the residence to the backyard, adding a landing area to increase functionality and safety.

We sourced a beautiful large mature evergreen Magnolia from NSW which we installed down the side of the property to assist with the screening and privacy to the new dwelling next door.

On the North side of the property, we created a terrace above the garage. A functional area designed for casual dining, we used large Lilly Pillys to screen this space and added a sun shielding pergola to keep the house cool in summer.

As with all jobs but especially ones with heritage front facades, keeping healthy, original planting is of utmost importance. This existing front garden contained a number of established traditional plants. We chose to continue with the planting palette of Camellias, Azaleas, Hydrangea and Lilacs but executed the styling with a more modern approach. Japanese Maples, Iris and Ajuga were integrated to help connect the front and rear gardens.

After four years in the making, we’re thrilled with how this design has come to fruition and even happier knowing that we’ve created a space that our clients enjoy and are proud to call their own.

The post Glen Iris Project – Garden Design appeared first on Ian Barker Gardens.

‘Dreamscapes – Inspiration and beauty in gardens near and far’ is a stunning collection of over fifty of the world’s most beautiful gardens from across the globe. Photographed by one of our absolute favourites, internationally renowned and awarded photographer Claire Takacs.

Primarily Melbourne based, Claire is a highly recognised garden photographer who has visited and photographed some of the best and most innovative gardens around the world. She spends half of every year travelling internationally and her photographs are regularly included in the top international gardening magazines. Claire’s work is also represented in many international gardening books.

‘Dreamscapes’ includes many gardens designed by famous designers such as Piet Oudolf and Spanish designer Fernando Martos among others, with photographed locations including New Zealand, UK, USA, Europe and Asia.

Iconic gardens included are the stunning Welsh garden Dyffryn Fernant, Martha Stewart’s private garden, the beautiful Edwardian idyll of Bryan’s Ground in Herefordshire, the former home of Vita Sackville-West, Long Barn in Kent, the naturalistic French garden of Le Jardin Plume in Normandy, Hermannshof in Germany at the forefront of planting design, and Kenrokuen, one of Japan’s most beautiful public gardens.

This stunning book will astound and delight you with the diversity and creativity of the gardens featured, all captured at that rare moment when they are at their most breathtaking.

In theory it would make the ideal mother’s day gift, but realistically it’s too hard to give away. Maybe mum could just flick through when she visits?

For more on this spectacular book, click here

The post ‘Dreamscapes’ by Claire Takacs appeared first on Ian Barker Gardens.

Brent and Becky Heath

I thought I knew how to grow daffodils – because who doesn’t? They’re critter-proof, perennial, drought-tolerant, and so on. Or so I thought until Brent Heath, co-owner of the beloved bulb company Brent and Becky’s, disabused me of my assumptions in his recent talk at Brookside Gardens outside DC.

Having been in the bulb biz forever and traveled the bulb-growing world, Brent knows his stuff. Here are my take-aways from Brent’s very informative talk.

(By the way, I first met Brent when we kids vacationing with our families in Nags Head, NC. He and my sister became friends, or something like that.)

Daffodils are NOT good pollinator plants. I knew that animals don’t eat them, but it hadn’t occurred to me that that included pollinating insects.

They’re also not native to the Americas, growing in the wild only in Spain, Portugal, France and Italy. Interestingly, they were brought here sewn into the hems of transatlantic passengers’ skirts. Bulbs were able to survive months that way, enabling immigrants to grow a little something from home when they got here.

Daffodils need sun to keep blooming. So that’s why some of mine haven’t produced flowers long-term. As Brent mentioned, people proclaim, “Oh, but my daffodils DO get sun when they’re blooming, before nearby trees have leafed out!” But that’s not enough; they need sun for the 8 weeks after they bloom – you know, that period when you want to remove the ever-uglier foliage but know it’ll reduce the blooms the next year.

Daffodils also need to be fed, and Brent recommends good old compost. I don’t believe I’ve ever done that but will now because Brent (who ISN’T selling me a fertilizer product) told us to.

Daffodils are best harvested, not cut. Brent says to snap them off as close to the ground as possible.

The 4th most popular daffodil is the Dutch Master, the 3rd is Ice Follies (which multiply very well), and I didn’t catch numbers 1 and 2. Damn my note-taking!

Hydbridizing takes patience, like 5-7 years of it to get a single bloom on a new daffodil. Brent’s talk included images of varieties that are clearly show-quality and others not, and please don’t ask me to remember which are which or why.

Above, early tulips and hyacinths were also blooming that day at Brookside.

In the immortal words of Brent Heath: “Plant bulbs and harvest smiles.”

Parting shot: remains of a Quinceañera party in the gardens earlier in the day.

All photos taken by the author at Brookside Gardens on March 31, 2019.

Brent Heath Knows his Daffodils originally appeared on GardenRant on April 11, 2019.

Yesterday my long-time favorite garden center announced it’ll close soon. Here’s my tribute to the company and its people on a local blog. I’m reposting it here for the Rant’s broader audience because the closing is part of a very sad national trend. Also, it shows what great independent garden centers are doing for customers and the community and why their disappearance is such a enormous loss. (Sob!) 

It’s official. In today’s press release, Behnke Nurseries announced that after 89 years, it will be going out of business in June. Thousands of local gardeners will mourn this incalculable loss.

Why It’s Closing

It seems that the time has just come, and not because business is bad; it’s because there are no family members coming up to take over the business. The only Behnke still working there is vice president Stephanie Fleming, granddaughter of the founder, who told me “We love our customers but the Behnkes are all in their 80s. The time has come.”

To answer your protestations of “But, but…” every possible alternative to closing as a garden center has been explored. Selling to another garden center or a buyer interested in renovating and keeping the nursery open isn’t feasible in today’s market, with independent stores closing and almost none opening. Some of the remaining garden centers are morphing into “lifestyle” stores, selling beachwear and pet supplies.

What about an employee buy-out, you say? If only! Many are retirement age or near it, and really, could they collectively buy almost 12 acres along busy Route 1?  Hardly, at today’s prices.

What’s Next for the Site Zoned for miscellaneous retail use, the property could be just another car dealership, but the family wants whatever replaces the nursery to be an asset to the community and is participating directly in development of the property, rather than selling to a developer. To this end, the family has solicited suggestions and input from the county and local community groups and has obtained additional zoning that would permit their preferred use of the property – for townhouses, with a 1-acre green space in the center and a walking path around it.

Albert Behnke in the 1960s

Highlights from Behnke’s History 

The nursery was founded in 1930 by Albert Behnke, who was born in Germany in 1904. He worked for his father’s rose and cut-flower business and decided to immigrate with his wife Rose to the U.S., for more opportunity, settling in Beltsville.

First Behnke greenhouse, with three of Albert and Rose’s children

At first, the Behnke greenhouse was a homemade affair attached to the side of the family house. In 1946, Albert and Rose Behnke had a modern steel and glass greenhouse built and by 1951 there were five greenhouses.

Albert Behnke at his most dapper. Rose Behnke at work. Her granddaughter Stephanie Fleming says she’s “really was the one that was the reason we were so successful.”

Sonja Behnke at 17, and more recently

Albert and Rose’s 17-year-old daughter Sonja was featured on the cover of the Washington Star weekend magazine watering African violets, which was one of the nursery’s mainstays. Behnke’s sent violets to every first lady from Bess Truman to Nancy Reagan, and they still have thank-you notes from them to show for it.

A Gardener’s Appreciation

Here’s just some of what Behnke’s has meant to its thousands of long-time customers, like me.

Plant Choices and Knowledge

Behnke’s has always stood out from the small crowd of garden centers with its extensive selection, including hard-to-find varieties. It’s so famous for its selection that garden club tours from out of state have included Behnke’s on their itinerary when visiting the garden highlights of the DC area.

According to perennials specialist Larry Hurley, “Selection has always been our claim to fame. We are ‘plant people’ and we love plants, and we are always excited by what’s new.” When Behnke’s grew its own perennials, it carried 1,500 to 1,800 of them. Even after its growing facilities were shut down, it still offered many more varieties than, say, the box stores. (According to company records, Behnke’s carried 1,465 perennials in 2014.)

Another reason the plant selection changed, especially for perennials, was the plague of deer in this area. Larry says it’s made a “huge difference in the demand for hostas and daylilies.” I’ll bet.

Teaching Gardeners 

Peter Kukielski, author of Roses without Chemicals

Behnkes staff didn’t just source and sell plants, by a long shot. They gave free classes and workshops in the store and at garden clubs throughout the region. They sponsored still more free talks by well known authors and experts from throughout the East.

More learning opportunities throughout the nursery included a stormwater demonstration site, display gardens, and beehives.

The company’s website, blog and social media accounts have been packed with accurate gardening information and resources perfect for local gardeners. (You don’t see Home Depot doing that.) Stephanie Fleming tells me that they’ll be keeping the Behnke’s website and blog live online after the store closes, as long as there’s interest,  

Environmental Leadership

In roughly 2000 Behnke’s became involved in the movement to study and stem the tide of invasive plants through the horticultural industry, a bold move for a retailer! John Peter Thompson, grandson of Albert Behnke, led that project and eventually left the company to pursue that issue full time.

As a result, they stopped selling problematic plants like English Ivy and Burning Bush Euonymus, and for plants like Barberry, restricted sales to the better-behaved varieties that produce little or no fruit.

At the same time, the nursery increased its emphasis of native plants, for which there had finally begun to be a market, especially for pollinator plants. They’ve published many articles about native plants on their blog.

Behnke’s was also an industry leader in prohibiting the application of neonicotinoids to its plants and urging their grower-suppliers to use the least-toxic alternatives.

They also stopped carrying products by Scotts Miracle-Gro, despite the huge demand for their products ginned up by expensive advertising throughout the media. (Here’s my round-up of reasons that company has so few fans.)

Who Hasn’t Worked There?

Behnkes staff clockwise from upper left: Christopher Lewis, Larry Hurley, Bill Mann, Constance Cleveland, Susi Ohara (who started at Behnkes as a teenager), Marian Parsley, Terri Poindexter, Miri Talabac, and in the center, Orion Taylor

From left, Patrica Bouton, Anita Garner and Becky Beaver

Behnke’s large staff is known for its well-trained, full-time experts ready to answer every possible question, none too specific or ridiculous. They’ve answered them all!

So how did they find or train their staff? Many are Maryland Certified Professional Horticulturists; some have college degrees in horticulture or related fields. They all receive in-house training and are encouraged to attend training provided by the UMD Extension and other educational opportunities.

Clockwise from upper left: Larry Bristow, Hank Doong, Helmut Jaehnigen, and Alfred Millard

But their staff is also known for longevity and for loyalty to the company. President Alfred Milliard, for example, started there when he was 13, never left and is the longest-serving employee. The second-longest is Hank Doong, the company’s  CFO, who started in 1970 when he was 14. Operations manager Larry Bristow has been with the company since he was a teenager. Helmut Jaehnigen is another long-timer. Imagine their job hunts now, in an ever-shrinking market for their horticultural knowledge.

As Larry Hurley wrote me, “We have a lot of very old and grizzled staff members and we try to impart our experience to the younger folks. Many of us oldsters grew up working for Mr. Behnke (always “Mr.”), Helmut, and the other Behnke icons.”

Many employees got their start at Behnke’s through the PG Police Department’s Young Explorers Club, where Officer Hibbert apparently has a knack for finding the very best potential employees from among the many applicants at High Point and other nearby schools.

Behnke’s employees have gone on to get jobs at these highly respected institutions: White House greenhouses and grounds, the Naval Observatory grounds, the Smithsonian Institution Gardens, the University of  Maryland, the National Arboretum, and the Architect of the Capitol. Others have gone on to establish their own nurseries, including homestead Gardens, Metzler’s Nursery and Jos Roozen Nurseries.

Supporting Local Clubs and Societies

Lastly on this long list of ways that Behnke’s will be missed are the many events at the nursery – the Garden Party where clubs and societies could recruit members, the many organizations that held their events at Behnke’s, rent-free (including Brookside Gardens, local societies for roses, gesneriads, orchids and bonsai), holiday parties, yard sales, and even paper-shredding.

Of course the company also donated directly to dozens of local causes, like the food bank at Beltsville’s United Methodist Church, to which Behnke’s donated the $600 it raised recently from its winter tool-sharpening service.

Other frequent recipients of Behnkes’ generosity are the Beltsville Rotary Club, the Beltsville Lion’s Club, the Beltsville Fire and Police Departments, and Toys for Tots.

That’s me with Behnke granddaughter Stephanie Fleming

Customers Mourn, Especially ME

In anticipation of this dreaded closing, my local gardeners friends have been consoling each other, or trying to, with limited success because we’re devastated by the news! No exaggeration. We struggle to suggest alternative sources for plants, reliable advice and fun gardening gatherings but those other stores are all farther away and frankly pale in comparison.

I’ve bought nearly all my plants at Behnke’s since the ’70s and loved the nursery and the people who worked there, but not nearly as much as I came to love them after I started writing their blog and other materials for their website in 2010. That’s when I got to work with the best boss I’ve ever had – Stephanie Fleming. Since retiring, I now go to Behnke’s any time I want to be surrounded by fabulous plants and the people who love and know them, whether I need to buy something or not.

Will I ever say that about Home Depot or even Patuxent Nursery, our closest independent alternative? I’m guessing never.

Thanks to Stephanie Fleming for the photos and information she contributed to this post. 

Gardeners Mourn the Closing of Beloved 89-Year-Old Garden Center originally appeared on GardenRant on April 5, 2019.

Awarded ‘Best New Product’ at the 2011 Australian Business Awards, Daphne ‘Eternal Fragrance’ is a must have plant. Backed by thirty years of research and development ‘Eternal Fragrance’ is the creation of renowned plant breeder, Robin White.

Overcoming the traditional hurdles associated with growing Daphne’s, this variety stands above all others with its ability to perform in full sun as well as part shade. With exquisite sweetly fragrant flowers on deep green foliage, ‘Eternal Fragrance’ offers repeat flowing throughout the year. First flush is in late winter, then in early summer and again in autumn.

A truly outstanding garden and pot performer, ‘Eternal Fragrance’ is stunning as a low, perfumed informal hedge or border, or under-planted beneath open tree canopies. It’s also ideal for small gardens, patios and courtyards.

Growing to 60cm in height by 90cm wide, ‘Eternal Fragrance’ requires a well-drained position in the garden and once established requires only occasional deep watering during periods of extended heat.

This plant was a perfect choice for our Glen Iris project – low maintenance, hardy, with beauty and fragrance. It definitely gets a big tick from us.

The post Daphne ‘Eternal Fragrance’ appeared first on Ian Barker Gardens.

  Spring beauties, Claytonia virginica, in Cave Hill Cemetery in Louisville, Kentucky.

I’ve got a favorite spring-flowering plant, and I bet you have one, too. But I can’t fully warm up to spring, or any flowering favorites, until I’ve shaken winter’s lingering, gray dreariness.

I piddled through the late winter calendar this year with hellebores, witch hazels, snowdrops and crocus. I love these teasers, but since late autumn, I have been a lazy winter gardener. I’m working on a slow-to-rise groundhog’s schedule this spring.

By mid-March our garden was in tatters—a jumble of brittle phlox stems and chickweed. I walked around it, thinking, glancing at a few early blooms and putting off chores. I can’t trust fickle March until I’ve set the clock forward an hour for daylight savings.

My mother and I differed on daylight savings. She complained that moving the clock forward was the worst night of the year. One hour’s sleep was stolen, but there was no way mom was going to miss the 8:00 a.m. Sunday communion.

I know daylight savings is arbitrary time travel, but it is also my wake-up call—an extra, blessed hour of evening daylight. A warmer, sunnier day of salvation, near the spring solstice, brings me to my senses faster than smelling salts.

For years, I’ve been rescued by a trusted, lucky charm that steadies my nerves. I am unchained when spring beauties come into bloom. Spring begins barreling along with tornado warnings and blue skies.

Spring forward!

The few steadfast admirers of spring beauties grow weary of arguing in favor of an underappreciated eastern North American wildflower. Maybe we could upgrade its standing if we promoted the rarely used, cheerful common name: good-morning-spring.

Spring beauties with Glory of Snow, Chiondoxa lucilliae.

I make a pilgrimage each year (one of many) to Louisville’s beautiful Cave Hill Cemetery where spring beauties have naturalized for a hundred years or more. For several weeks, I’ve been eyeing a small patch of spring beauties, Claytonia virginica, that are happy with other little bulbs—Puschkinia scilliodes var. libanotica and Chiondoxa luciliae.

Elsewhere last weekend, all over the cemetery, there were hundreds of thousands of spring beauties in bloom, along with flowering cherries, forsythia and daffodils. The Star magnolias are in full flower. The pristine-white blooms narrowly avoided the usual hard freeze. Freeze-burned blooms look like charred parchment. I love spring-flowering magnolias and will bet against the odds of frost every year.

Spring beauties in Salvisa, KY

Several years ago, I found two-dozen spring beauties growing in the shade of 45-year-old white pines on the farm in Salvisa. The little plants are seeding around. Now, I’ve got a hundred. I only need another hundred years to begin competing with the bounty of spring beauties that Cave Hill Cemetery has.

Jared Barnes, the phenomenally gifted and engaging Assistant Professor of Horticulture, at Stephen F. Austin State University in Nacogdoches, Texas, described the blooms, on his excellent blog, as dime-sized with “white-flowering and dark-pink-flowering plants in the same area with color morphs along that gradient.” (Note to Jared: Can we start a spring beauties support group?) Check out Jared’s blog post on spring beauties from March 16th.

Deadnettles, Lamium purpureum.

Okay, the shy spring ephemeral may not have the grace of bloodroots or the recognition of trilliums, but I don’t care. Have I mentioned versatility? Author and botanist Pat Haragan mentions an edible tidbit in Olmsted Parks of Louisville: A Botanical field Guide. The little corms can be “boiled in salted water and taste like chestnuts.” I thought the flavor leaned more toward buttered turnips. Boil the corms for 2 minutes, slice in half and throw them in a salad with chickweed and deadnettle or henbit flowers. I’m still building up stock on my spring beauties, but I’ve got all the chickweed leaves and deadnettle flowers you’ll need. Beauty and flavor are in the eye of the spring beholder.

Field of deadnettles in Salvisa, KY.

What is your favorite spring-flowering plant that welcomes the trustworthy arrival of spring for you?

My Wake-Up Call originally appeared on GardenRant on April 3, 2019.

From my visit to the DC area in 2017: you can barely see her but I love the backdrop.

This week we celebrate the milestone birthday of longtime Ranter and Rant cofounder Susan Harris. Susan is the only original founder left of the three who started Rant in 2006. (Amy Stewart and Michele Owens have moved on to other endeavors; I came along in 2007.) When Rant started, Susan lived in Takoma Park, Maryland; she now lives in Greenbelt, Maryland, where she created and edits the Greenbelt Online website. I think Susan is supposed to be retired, but I see no signs of it; as you all know, she also has an award-winning website, Good Gardening Videos, which separates the truly useful from the WTF for all of us. In past years, Susan has also been active in lawn reform and the “green the grounds” campaign for more sustainable institutional gardens.

Susan and me in Chicago with other bloggers in 2009

You’re all down with the “birthday week” concept, right? I sure am; we need extended celebrations more than ever. I hope Susan is having a happy birthday week. In honor of her sticking with Rant and keeping it alive by bringing our fabulous recent/new Ranters onboard, I’m including some excerpts from Susan’s twelve years of ranting. She has always been more of a sharer and educator than ranter, but I did manage to find some stronger statements among her many, many posts, as follows:

On leaf blowers: So readers, are these things really necessary or are they absurdly inefficient? I’ve never used one myself, but I bet they’re good at clearing leaves among perennials and shrubs.  Other than that, I just don’t get it. But I do know that for me, using a leaf blower would be right up there with spraying with pesticides as the least enjoyable of garden chores.  Downright odious. (June, 2006)

On Jerry Baker: But more importantly, if this guy were a medical quack, would he be allowed on, much less promoted by, public television? Hell, no. But I suppose nobody takes gardening seriously enough to dare suggest a little proof and heck, it’s only the environment at stake, anyway.  Bottom line, why hasn’t this guy been totally discredited and run off PBS long ago?  Apparently only a couple of stations have been persuaded to drop Jerry’s programming; is that because gardeners, even master gardeners, are happily zoned out in their gardens?  Guys, it doesn’t have to be that way, especially now that gardeners and environmentalists are often one and the same. (June, 2006)

On native plants: Soooo, the only way we can stop doing harm is to convert our gardens into preserves for indigenous plants, using a large assortment of them so that after the weak ones succumb, there will still be some survivors. That way we can “feel good knowing that you’re not adding even more on top of this problem.” I know I can be a pain complaining about generalizations—from any source—but have I mentioned that sometimes they confuse the public, whose gardening attempts so often result in plant death, disappointment over the resulting appearance, and the eventual abandonment of gardening altogether?  (June, 2007)

On lawns: Lawns have been attacked for some years now, with claims that they require obscene amounts of water, fertilizers, pesticides, and gas-guzzling mowing, so of course the only responsible thing to do is to get rid of it all, right? But lawns are so useful they’ll always be with us, and are the criticisms even warranted? Or do Americans just need to change their lawn-care practices and expectations of golf-course perfection? (August, 2016)

On ”invasives” I wish “invasives” weren’t lumped together as they so often are—with little or no details as to how, where, and under what conditions they can damage other plants or natural areas. Plants that are invasive only along streams or in regions with mild winters can get banned from places where they’re no threat at all. In my neighborhood the mistaken (I contend) banning Periwinkle creates a special problem. All coop members are required to cover the ground in their (mostly shady) yards, and banning the shade-loving, pest-free, evergreen Periwinkle leaves us with very few choices, mainly Pachysandra and Liriope. They too are listed as invasives—somewhere—and may end up banned, too. Then what? (September, 2018)

More on native plants I count myself among Tallamy’s many fans for his inclusive and—let’s be honest—realistic message, which I believe results in many more plants being planted and much more benefit to the environment than the natives-only approach ever could. It also helps the medicine go down that Tallamy seems like a genuinely nice person, not intent on shaming us gardeners. (March, 2019)

There are many, many other posts from Susan and others well-worth reading in the Rant archives; I’m glad we have them, broken-image icons and all.

Happy birthday, Susan! Long life to her and Rant.

A salute to Susan! originally appeared on GardenRant on April 2, 2019.

This runs long, but please bear with me: this topic deserves the space

If you have ever donated money to a cause or even just signed an on-line petition, I’m sure that your inbox, like mine, is flooded with email solicitations.  Mine mainly relate to environmental causes, and I find that they really help to keep me up to date.  One I received the other day, though, concerned me.

The message came from the Global Justice Ecology Project, and it celebrated the fact that two board members of the Massachusetts/Rhode Island Chapter of The American Chestnut Foundation had announced that they were resigning.  The reason? They refuse to participate in an organization that is supporting the release into the wild of genetically engineered American chestnut trees.

I share the concern with the uses that are being made of genetic engineering to breed new plants.  To date, genetic engineering in the botanical world has been mostly a hand maiden to the worst kind of agribusiness.  “Roundup Ready” food crops, plants engineered to tolerate that herbicide so that farmers can apply more glyphosate to their fields, seems an abomination to me, for example.  But I think that genetic engineering is a tool so powerful that it will be used. That’s why I believe that rather than turning its back on it, the environmentally responsible gardening community must take a role in determining its use. I also believe that the application of genetic engineering to American chestnuts is an outstanding example of the good that it can do.

In a better world, the forests of eastern North America would care for themselves and evolve naturally.  In fact, though, they are under unprecedented threat from imported pests and are suffering biological impoverishment as a result. The history of the American chestnut (Castanea dentata) is a classic instance of this.  An Asian fungus – the so-called chestnut blight — introduced on imported nursery stock at the turn of the twentieth century over the next half century virtually extirpated a native tree that had occupied an estimated 25% of the area of the eastern forests, and had provided a primary seasonal food source for many kinds of wildlife.

Harvesting chestnuts was a common source of income to rural families before the blight  https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=64263459

Efforts to breed a blight-resistant American chestnut began at least as early as 1922, but the tools of classical plant breeding are blunt and success has continued to elude the chestnut advocates over the succeeding century.  Many of the plant breeders’ programs sought to transfer the genes for blight resistance from Asian chestnuts to specimens of the American species.  This was achieved laboriously by transferring pollen from the flowers of one species to the those of the other and then back-crossing the resulting hybrid offspring with more American chestnuts to create a tree with Asian resistance and at least the appearance of our native tree. The rest of the efforts sought blight resistant American chestnuts among the survivors of the blight.  Even when killed back to the ground by the disease, American chestnuts may send up shoots from their roots for a long period of time, and these remnants have occasionally survived long enough to produce flowers.  Essentially, chestnut researchers have hoped to locate a genetic mutation (another sort of genetic transformation) among these survivors that would confer resistance to the blight.

root sprout from blight-killed chestnut By Biosthmors – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=45109680

The important point is that every one of these efforts to restore the American chestnut to our forests has depended on altering the genetic material of the tree.   And in this respect, the program to genetically engineer a blight-resistant chestnut, which involves the transfer of a single gene naturally occurring in wheat, involves far less disturbance than the programs of traditional plant breeders.  What’s more, the genetically engineered tree has demonstrated a robust resistance to the disease, something that has not yet been achieved by any of the other efforts.

My New England woodlot has lost not only its chestnut trees, but also its elms, and is losing it ashes.  The beeches have been reduced to mere sprouts by a disease spread by an imported aphid.  A handful of warm winters should be enough to bring the hemlock woolly adelgid a few miles further north, and then I will bid good bye to my hemlocks.  The situation is desperate, and I believe that the villain, Homo sapiens, must do what he or she can to remediate it.  Alternatively, of course, we can wait for new plant communities to evolve naturally,but that would be a process of millennia.

This is not a tool that we can afford to ignore.

  A Tool for Forest Renewal originally appeared on GardenRant on April 1, 2019.

James van Sweden was an innovative landscape architect who in the 1970s successfully reinvented the look and character of the American garden. He passed away in 2013 at the age of 78.

Partnering with Wolfgang Oehme in 1975, he was well regarded internationally for his radically different approach to landscape design — replacing staid evergreen hedging, bedding annuals and groomed lawns with broad sweeps of long-flowering perennials and ornamental grasses.

The vision was a rejection of passive vegetative landscape architecture in favour of the bold massing of grasses and perennials that placed the observer in the midst of a living tapestry. The result was a garden that actively responded to light, wind and seasonal change.  The author of 5 books on the discipline, in “Gardening With Nature” (1997), James stated “they move in the breeze and sparkle like stained glass”.

The look became known as the “New American Garden” and seized the imagination of clients. The duo’s work ranged from private homes, including Oprah Winfrey’s garden, to major public spaces such as the Nelson A. Rockefeller Park overlooking the Hudson River in lower Manhattan.

Van Sweden advocated his style in even small urban spaces as a way of capturing the natural exuberance of the prairie and meadow. He also espoused the idea that gardens should be planted for year-round interest. James’ objective is “to lead the eye deeper into a scene which is not completely revealed, even in so tiny a space.”

An avid art collector, various artists influenced James’ work: abstract expressionists taught him to mass colours, while painters such as Edward Hopper and David Hockney showed the value of creating hard edges and delineation.

James’ work has clearly left a huge mark on the landscaping industry worldwide and we’re truly thankful for his contribution in shaping the way we consider design.

For more on this incredible designer, click here

The post James van Sweden – International Garden Designer appeared first on Ian Barker Gardens.