toor neck 7emvon maukpo baa7en jirdunpo

licol /liˈkɔl/ [lɪˈkɔl]

halter, lead, a collar of straps or rope placed on the head of animals to lead or tie them;

brace, yoke, a set of two animals as might be tied with halters or carried together (as of game birds);

pair, couple, twosome, duo, double act, a set of two people or things in particular contexts (as of wheels, performers, jewellery or architecture);

a score of two points in various games or sports, or an action which is awarded such a score

Etymology: from Middle Borlish licol "yoke, halter tying two animals together", borrowed from synonymous lie-col in contemporary French. This is an exocentric compound of lier "tie, join, link" ← Latin ligō "I bind" and col "neck" ← Latin collum "neck, throat". Extension to other collections of two things proceeded via hunting to sports and games and finally to performing arts.

Excerpt from this story from Audubon:

“I can’t tell you how many people come that are like, ‘I grew up seeing fireflies, and I don’t see as many now,’ ” says Matt Johnson, the center’s director.

Candace Fallon, a conservation biologist at the Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation, had long heard similar concerns. But when she checked the literature in 2018, she found little to no information on firefly trends. In fact, there was no comprehensive population data for any of the 179 known firefly species in the United States.

Fallon and a team at the International Union for Conservation of Nature set out to determine how American fireflies are faring. In 2021 they published their findings, the first list of conservation statuses for U.S. fireflies. Of the 132 species they reviewed, more than half lacked enough data to conclude anything for certain. But among the species whose status was clear, the scientists found 20 to be threatened or near threatened.

Fireflies, which are actually bioluminescent beetles, face many of the same threats as birds. Habitat loss—especially of wetlands, given the insects' preference for moist areas—is a major issue. (Indeed, the most threatened fireflies are the species that depend on only one type of landscape, such as the critically endangered Bethany Beach firefly, which primarily occupies freshwater wetlands between sand dunes along a 20-mile stretch of the Delaware coast.) Rising seas and extreme weather events drown coastal birds' nests as well as firefly habitat, while pesticides kill insect prey that both fireflies and birds rely on—and likely fireflies themselves. Light pollution, which can disorient nocturnal migratory birds and contribute to fatal building collisions, also disrupts lightning bugs’ ability to communicate: Flashing in a brightly lit environment is like trying to yell across a crowd.

To help fill critical knowledge gaps, researchers are turning to community science. The Fireflyers International Network collects data on iNaturalist from all over the world, and in 2022 Fallon and the Xerces Society launched the Firefly Atlas, where U.S. participants can share incidental observations and even conduct field surveys. These crowdsourced records can illuminate how species are trending in the face of threats.