1.3 Some different coding languages
There are a huge variety of coding languages. Some were designed for particular uses, while others have much wider or more general uses.
This is one of the most established and widely-used programming languages in use today. It was first released back in 1972 and is a complex, high-level language that has influenced the development of many other languages, such C++, Java and Python.
It is mainly used for creating system applications, meaning that operating systems such as Windows and Linux use C. It is also used to create games, graphics, and apps that use lots of calculations.
This is one of the world’s most popular languages. It is a general-purpose language developed as an extension and expansion of C. It is used to create high-performance applications and gives programmers a high level of control over system resources and memory.
Today C++ can be found in many operating systems, graphical user interfaces, and embedded systems. It gives a clear structure to programs and allows code to be easily adapted to multiple platforms.
Here is a simple program in C++ to print out the phrase “Hello World”.
{std::cout << “Hello World!”;
Another language in the C family, C# was built specifically for Microsoft .NET and is a combination of many of the features of C and C++. It is most often used for developing code for Windows systems.
Although it is the most technically complicated of the C languages, it is not necessarily the most difficult to learn. It is considered one of the best languages to use for programming custom software and is also commonly used in video game development.
This is one of the easiest high-level coding languages to learn and is very popular with those who are new to coding. It is fairly intuitive to write and understand, which makes it ideal for those who want to get a quick start in programming.
It is also a very versatile language and is popular for both general uses, such as developing web applications, and specialised uses, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning.
Python is a very easy language to learn. Here is a simple program in Python to print out the phrase “Hello World”.
This is another versatile and general-purpose language that is good for beginners. It is also very popular. This is partly because once you have written a piece of code in Java, it can be run on just about any device using the Java platform.
Some of its main uses include business software, web applications and mobile apps. For example, Google’s Android OS uses Java as its native language.
Here is a simple program in Java for printing out the phrase “Hello World”.
public class HelloWorld {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(“Hello world!”);
Despite its name, JavaScript isn’t actually related to Java. However, it does use a Java-like syntax (the rules that define the structure of a language), which is where the name comes from.
It was created in 1995, in the early days of the Internet, and is used to write code that runs in all major web browsers. Because of this, it has a wide range of applications and is especially useful for making interactive and responsive web pages.
It’s often used alongside HTML and CSS to add elements like animations, video players and browser-based games to web pages.
This is a more recent coding language. It was developed in 2014 for use in Apple’s iOS and macOS applications. This means that not only does it run on all iPhones and iPads, but it’s also the basis for other Apple-based operating systems, such as watchOS and tvOS.
However, it is also very easy to learn.
This coding language has very simple syntax, which makes it very flexible and easy to write. This has made it a favourite with start-ups, who need to move quickly.
Companies like Airbnb, Shopify and Bloomberg all initially built their websites using Ruby. The other reason it’s popular with start-ups is that it is the basis for the popular Ruby on Rails web application framework, which allows developers to build applications around 40 percent faster than with other technologies.
PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is another easy-to-learn coding language and is both free and open source. Like JavaScript, it’s mainly used for web development. However, it is used on the server side, rather than to develop websites, so is often used together with JavaScript.
It has been described as the paintbrush, while JavaScript is the paint. It is mostly used in website development – for example, to manage dynamic content and databases on a website.
Unlike the general-purpose languages, SQL (Structured Query Language), sometimes pronounced ‘sequel’) is primarily used in database management. Because it is mainly used to communicate with databases, it’s used by server developers, database administrators, and software developers across a range of industries. More recently, it has also been used in areas such as data analysis and big data mining.
This is a highly specialised coding language that is primarily used in academic fields and by large tech companies. It is a low-level language aimed at statistical computing and graphical techniques. It comes with a vast library of tools, including machine learning algorithms.
Statisticians and data miners often use R to develop programs for performing statistical software and data analysis packages. It is also useful for professionals such as demographers, data scientists, and insurance actuaries to gain statistical insights.
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