Renaissance in the USA

- Walt Whitman, who according to Baym, sought to create a "nationalistic poetry from a democratic perspective" (2008, p. 993). 

"I am the poet of the Body and I am the poet of the Soul, The pleasures of heaven are with me and the pains of hell are with me, the first I graft and increase upon myself, the latter I translate into a new tongue" (p. 1025, l. 422-424)

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Whitman expresses his political views through poetry instead of previous forms of letters, essays, and sermons 

According to Baym, Walt Whitman revolutionized American poetry. He took previous forms of poetry, especially when it came to meter, and adapted it to his needs. He "rejected traditions of poetic scansion and elevated diction, improvising the form that has come to be known as free verse" therefore "freeing" future forms of poetry (2008, p. 991). He abandoned standard verse or stanza patterns and instead allowed for topical pockets of news and journalism to slip into his poetry using what he called "catalogs" (Baym, 2008). 

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He uses the flower to foreshadow what will happen to Georgiana if her husband continues on, trying to play God and manipulate what nature intended. 

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Hawthorne, through his imagery, expresses his views on living ethically and correctly, but in a way more artistic than through a sermon such as during Puritan times.

- p. 634

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Instead of presenting such ideas in an essay, Hawthorne uses the short story to express his ethics. Aylmer “seeing her otherwise so perfect, he found this one defect grow more and more intolerable, with every moment of their united lives. It was the fatal flaw of humanity”- (p. 633). Hawthorne is dramatic and uses hyperbole to further express disapproval towards his main character’s egotism, emotional manipulation, and abuse of science.  

a “visible mark of earthly imperfection” (p. 632) & it “quickly destroyed the effect of Georgiana’s beauty” (p. 632). He wants to make her the best so that “the world might possess one living specimen of ideal loveliness” (p. 632).

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a distinctive author who paved the way for much artistic expression by “[making] readers do their own interpretive work but also [showing] how interpretation is often a form of self-expression” (Baym, 2008, p. 589). 

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