Structurally Sound

The “cofferdam technique” is used for building the foundation for a bridge. In this method, a wall enclosing an area is built inside the water and water is continuously pumped out from the area. After that, the foundation of the bridge (the pillars) is constructed inside the cofferdam. Bridges built using this technique are strong and carry heavy loads. 

The wing wall to the house started to displace from the house wall.  The owner of the house decided to pull down the wall as he thought it is unsafe. So now we do not have a wing wall .

Ties in masonry work is essential

Sometimes drains need to go through structures. if the structure is simple it can be penetrated with the pipework and reinstated locally. Careful attention is to be paid to the integrity of the structure. Existing footings usually cannot be penetrated but the pipe can go underneath. A structural engineer needs to design this cross-over. Generally the pipe would need to be encased with concrete and act as one with the concrete footing.

Structures can also be designed with services incorporated with them so that would act as one.

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It was amazing to see how deep were the footing. Great care was taken in the design and construction. Even so I know the Rialto suffered excessive settlement in its early years.