When it comes to sexual assault and harassment in Japan, a culture of silence prevails.ïŒæ¥æ¬ã§æ§æŽåããã©ã¹ã¡ã³ããèªãããæã«äœãããåãã®ã¯ãæ²é»ã®æåã ã£ãïŒãšãããã€ã©ã€ã³ã§å§ãŸãèšäºãæ¿æ²»å°éãã¥ãŒã¹ã¡ãã£ã¢ã§ããç±³ãPoliticoãæ¬§å·çã«æ²èŒããããèè ã¯äŒè€è©©ç¹ããèªèº«ãã€ã³ã¿ãã¥ãŒãªã©ã§ã¯ãªãæ¬äººã®èšèã¯çããã®ã§æ¥éœé£èš³ããã
Saying #MeToo in Japan
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TOKYO â In late May, at a press conference in the Tokyo District Court, I went public about being raped.
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In Japan, itâs unthinkable for a woman to do this, but I didnât feel brave â only that I had no other choice.
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On April 4, 2015, as I regained consciousness in a Tokyo hotel room, I was raped by Noriyuki Yamaguchi, a former Washington, D.C. bureau chief for the Tokyo Broadcasting System and a journalist with close ties to Prime Minister ShinzÅ Abe.
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I met Yamaguchi the night before to discuss work opportunities. My last memory of that evening is feeling dizzy in a sushi restaurant. As I went through the ensuing criminal case proceedings, I came to realize how Japanâs system works to undermine survivors of sexual assault.
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When the arrest was canceled, I thought my only recourse was to speak to the media.ïŒ é®æãå·è¡åæ¢ã«ãªã£ããšããç§ã¯é Œããã®ã¯ã¡ãã£ã¢ãããªããšæã£ããïŒ
The investigation was scuttled throughout. This was, I and others suspect, partly due to political pressure, but also because of a medical, investigative, legal and, ultimately, social system that marginalizes and fails victims of sex crimes. Iâve had to fight every step of the way.
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When I came forward, my case had been closed and I had just filed an appeal to have it reopened. This was rejected in September.
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I went public to say that the entire mechanism of handling sexual crimes must change, and to ask that the Diet, as our parliament is known, stop delaying the proposed amendments to Japanâs 110-year-old rape law. To say that sexual violence is a reality that we need to talk about.
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The investigation
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From the medical professionals to the police, I encountered a lack of understanding about sexual violence and inadequate support for survivors.
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After fleeing the hotel, as I became aware of the physical pain, I realized what had happened. The gynaecologist I visited provided little assistance. I called the hotline for Tokyoâs only 24-hour rape crisis center to ask which hospital to go to (rape kits are only available in certain hospitals in 14 of Japanâs 47 prefectures). I was told to come in for a preliminary interview before I could receive any information. I was too devastated to move.
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Five days later, I went to the police. I was starting out as a journalist, and although I was scared, I didnât want to hide the truth.
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Initially, the police officers tried to discourage me from filing a report, saying my career would be ruined and that âthis kind of thing happens often, but itâs difficult to investigate these cases.â I persuaded them to obtain the hotelâs security camera footage. The taxi driverâs testimony disclosed that I was carried inside the hotel. Eventually, the police took on my case.
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I had to repeat my statement to numerous police officers. One investigator told me that if I didnât cry, or act like a âvictim,â they couldnât tell if I was telling the truth. At one point, I had to reenact what happened with a life-size dummy at the Takanawa police station while officers took photographs. It was traumatizing and humiliating. A former colleague once referred to this procedure as âsecond rapeâ because it forces the victim to relive their ordeal.
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In early June 2015, officers at Takanawa police station obtained a warrant for Yamaguchiâs arrest for incapacitated â or what is called âquasiâ â rape.
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Police planned to arrest him at Narita airport on June 8, but in a highly unusual move, the then chief of criminal investigation at the Tokyo Metropolitan Police canceled the arrest. My case was transferred to that department, where I was asked to settle out of court. Prosecutors filed papers against Yamaguchi, but in July 2016, they dropped all charges, citing insufficient evidence.
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When the arrest was canceled, I thought my only recourse was to speak to the media. I spoke to journalists I trusted. No outlet, except weekly news magazine Shukan Shincho earlier this year, ended up reporting this story. The circumstances were politically sensitive, but Japanese media are usually silent about sex crimes â they donât really âexist.â
鮿ãå·è¡åæ¢ã«ãªã£ããšããç§ã¯é Œããã®ã¯ã¡ãã£ã¢ãããªããšæã£ããä¿¡é Œããäœäººãã®ãžã£ãŒããªã¹ãã«è©±ããããé±åèªã®ãé±åæ°æœ®ã以å€ã«ããã®å¹Žã®ååã«äºä»¶ãå ±ãããŠãããã¡ãã£ã¢ã¯ãªãã£ããæ¿æ²»çã«ã»ã³ã·ãã£ããªç¶æ³ã ã£ãããšãããããæ¥æ¬ã®ã¡ãã£ã¢ã¯ãæ§ç¯çœªã«ã€ããŠã¯æ²é»ãä¿ã¡ãããããååšããªãã£ããã®ãã«ããŠããŸãåŸåãããã
It is taboo to even use the word ârape,â which is often replaced by âviolatedâ or âtrickedâ if the victim was underage. This contributes to public ignorance.
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Going public
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My coming forward made national news and shocked the public.
ç§ã声ãäžããããšã¯å šåœçãªãã¥ãŒã¹ãšãªãã瀟äŒã«è¡æãäžããã
The backlash hit me hard. I was vilified on social media and received hate messages and emails and calls from unknown numbers. I was called a âslutâ and âprostituteâ and told I should âbe dead.â There were arguments over my nationality, because a true Japanese woman wouldnât speak about such âshamefulâ things. Fake stories popped up online about my private life with photos of my family. I received messages from women criticizing me for failing to protect myself.
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The mainstream media discussed what I wore. On social media, people said leaving the top buttons of my shirt undone undermined my credibility or explained why I was raped. One journalist had advised me to wear a suit to the press conference, but I refused. I was tired of being told how a victim should behave.
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After the press conference, I avoided going out. When I did, I wore glasses and a cap to disguise myself, but people still recognized me and took pictures.
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Those close to me supported me. I was heartened to hear from women who thanked me and said theyâd experienced sexual assault, but felt unable to say anything.
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Rape myths
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I grew up in a culture and society where women are exposed to sexism and harassment from a young age. When I was 10 years old, I was groped by a man at a Tokyo swimming complex. My friendâs mother said it was my fault for wearing a âcute bikini.â Sexual molestation on public transport is a common problem that society trivializes. In high school, my friends and I faced this on a daily basis.
ç§ã¯ã女æ§ã幌ãé ããã»ã¯ã·ãºã ããã©ã¹ã¡ã³ãã«ãããããæåãšç€ŸäŒã®äžã§è²ã£ãã ç§ã10æ³ã®é ãç§ã¯æ±äº¬ã®ããŒã«ã§ç·ã«äœããŸãããããããã®æãç§ã®åã ã¡ã®æ¯èŠªã¯ããããããããããçãŠããç§ã®ããã ãšèšã£ãã å ¬å ±äº€éæ©é¢ã§ã®çŽæŒ¢è¡çºã¯æ®éã«ããåé¡ã§ã瀟äŒã§ã¯äºçްãªããšãšãããŠããã髿 ¡ã®é ãç§ã®åã ã¡ã¯ã»ãŒæ¯æ¥ã®ããã«ãã®è¡çºã«ãããããŠããã
There is a strong social stigma associated with speaking out against sexual assault and a common perception that victims are less valuable to society. This is why many stay silent. Just 4 percent of survivors report rape to the police and when arrests are made, more than half the time prosecutors drop the charges.
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Rape myths are widespread. Japanese society blames victims, saying itâs the womanâs fault â what they wear, where they go, how they behave.
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Itâs not that victims havenât come forward; Japanese society wants them to stay silent.ïŒè¢«å®³è ãåä¹ããäžããªãã®ã§ã¯ãªãã瀟äŒãæ²é»ãå®ãããšãæãã§ããã®ã ïŒ
When women speak out, their allegations are decried by dominant counter-narratives of âfalse accusationsâ or âfalse reportsâ in mainstream and social media. Men can even take out insurance against these accusations.
女ã声ãäžãããšã圌女ãã®èšŽãã¯äž»èŠãªã¡ãã£ã¢ããœãŒã·ã£ã«ã¡ãã£ã¢äžã§ãæ¿¡ãè¡£ãã ãšããèåœå ±åããšãã£ãéæ¹ã®ãã©ãã£ãã«ããæã¡æ¶ããããä¿éºã§ã«ããŒã§ããã ãããšãã䞻匵ãé£ã³åºãããšããããã
There is little concept of sexual consent in the law or in society. We need education about this in schools because we live in a society where ânoâ means âyes.â Rape is a genre in pornography. In relationships, some women think mimicking rape is desirable. People Iâve spoken to say they know when ânoâ means âno.â Thatâs a very Japanese way of communicating â not saying much but trying to read what the other person is saying.
According to a 2017 poll by NHK, Japanâs national broadcaster, 27 percent of respondents believed that sharing a private drink signaled sexual consent, while 25 percent took getting into the same car as a sign.
ïŒïŒå¹Žã«æ¥æ¬ã®å ¬å ±æŸéã®NHKãè¡ã£ãäžè«èª¿æ»ã«ãããšãåçè ã®ïŒïŒïŒ ããäºäººããã§é£²é ãããããšã¯ãæ§è¡çºã®åæããã£ããšæãããŠã仿¹ããªãããšæããïŒïŒïŒ ããäºäººããã§è»ã«ä¹ããããšãåæ§ã«åæã®å°ã§ãããšæããŠãããšããã
Many of the women who have shared their stories with me were assaulted in their workplace by their bosses. Sexual abuse happens whenever there is a power imbalance â which is everywhere in our male-dominated society.
ç§ã«èªãã®çµéšã話ããŠããã女æ§ãã¡ã®å€ãã¯ãè·å Žã§äžåžã«æ§çæŽè¡ãåãããšè©±ããŠãããæ§æŽåã¯ãåžžã«åã®äžåè¡¡ããããšããã«çŸãããç·ç€ŸäŒã®äžã§ã¯ããã¯ãããããå Žæãæå³ããã
In mid-October, around the time the Harvey Weinstein story broke, my book âBlack Boxâ was published. Editor Izumi Ando had encouraged me to write about my experiences, saying that by going public, Iâd cracked the door open.
ïŒïŒæã®äžé ãã¡ããã©ãããŒãŽã£ãŒã»ã¯ã€ã³ã¹ã¿ã€ã³æ°ã«é¢ããå ±éããªãããé ãç§ã®èæžã #BlackBox ããåºçããããç·šéè ã®å®è€æ³æ°ã¯ãç§ãå ¬è¡šã«èžã¿åã£ãããšã§ãã¢ãããéãããšãç§ã®çµéšãæžç±ã«ãŸãšããããšãç§ã«ææ¡ããŠãããã
The bookâs title comes from the term prosecutors and police officers used to describe how rape happens behind closed doors. They kept saying: âWe still donât really know what happened; only you two know that sort of thing.â
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I am still fighting for justice. In late September, I filed a civil suit against Yamaguchi.
ç§ã¯æªã ã«æ£çŸ©ããªãããããšãæ±ãã€ã¥ããŠãããïŒæã®çµããé ãç§ã¯å±±å£æ°ã«å¯ŸããŠæ°äºèšŽèšãèµ·ããããÂ
He has publicly denied my rape allegations and written against me.
山壿°ã¯ç§ã®ã¬ã€ã被害ã®èšŽããå ¬ç¶ãšåŠå®ããåè«ãå±éããã Â
Change, slowly
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In the past year in Japan, weâve made some progress. In July, our lower house of parliament (where just 10.1 percent of seats are held by women) amended the law pertaining to sexual assault to increase minimum sentences from three to five years, recognize male victims and widen the definition of what constitutes rape. But we need to keep pushing for more change. The age of consent is still 13. To establish a case, victims need to prove âviolence and intimidation,â something that is virtually impossible.
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Japan hasnât had a big #MeToo movement, but whatâs happened in the United States and elsewhere has provided an opening in our media to discuss sexual harassment and assault here, and to raise awareness. Some well-known authors â Mayumi Mori and Kyoko Nakajima, who contributes to Asahi newspaper, for example â have criticized societyâs silence and are writing about their own stories of harassment. Journalist Akiko Kobayashi wrote in Buzzfeed about being sexually abused as a child. In private, womenâs solidarity groups and others are quietly saying âme too.â But for now, most can only whisper it.
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Some MPs are now hoping to introduce a new bill to support survivors that would mandate, for instance, that rape crisis centers are installed in every Japanese prefecture. But for any real change to happen, society needs to get behind it.
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We havenât really had a #MeToo movement not because victims havenât come forward, but because Japanese society wants them to stay silent. Society needs to listen, and the onus of breaking this silence shouldnât just come from survivors. We have to change the system and the law in a big way and we canât wait another 110 years to do this.
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Shiori Ito is a freelance journalist, documentary filmmaker and the author of âBlack Boxâ (2017). She is currently working on a documentary about sexual violence in Japan.
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