Also adding on! Systems of any kind, and various experiences within them, are also alterhuman. They have been since the coining post.
Huge pet peeve of ours when people equate alterhumanity to just meaning "nonhuman", but also considering how common systems are in the community, it's always been weird to us how even we are overlooked. We absolutely agree with all of the above though (and we'll need to check out a few of these links later ourselves).
Plural: Multiple people in a body, to keep it simple. Morethanone is a good place to get a neat little rundown.
Fictive: A person in a system who is from a fictional source. They may or may not identify as that character in question.
Factive: Like fictive, but with factbased sources instead. Historical figures, celebreties, other people, etc.
Extranth: A member of a system who is nonhuman--specifically in a way similar to fictives and factives, and separate from otherkin. (Coining post).
Soulbond: A connection formed with a (usually) fictional character in someones mind. Note that not every soulbond/soulbonder considers themselves plural. (This carrd has a lot of good stuff all in one place.)
Daemonism: The practice of communicating with a daemon--a personified split of your consciousness that usually takes an animal form. Like with soulbonders, a lot of people in this community consider themselves separate from plurals. (Link to daemonism terms.)
Tulpa: A deliberately created person you share your body with. There's a whole lot of techniques to it, and not everyone considers themselves plural here either. (Note: Some might use "parogenic" or "thoughtform" here instead of tulpa--though "thoughtform" is a more broad term that can cover different things.) r/Tulpas has plenty of informative links for further reading.
Also, some things that don't fall under plurality:
Constelic: A label for when one collects/takes on multiple identities. They might have one identity, or a lot, and these can range in intenstity as to how they're experienced. (Link to coining post on the web archive, carrd on the web archive.)
Vampire: Someone who feeds off of energy, blood, or both. I don't have links on hand for the vamp community so if someone else wants to put some in, it'd be great.
Factkin: Someone who identifies as a factual entity--usually a person who has lived before, like a historical figure.
Otherhuman: A person who feels like they belong to another branch of humans/human species, fictional or real (link).
"Alterhuman" is such an expansive term, there's so much more than nonhumanity to it. Not everyone who falls under any of these labels would necessarily call themselves alterhuman, but the term exists as an umbrella for everyone who wants it. It's so much more than one or two things--and even nonhumanity has intricate nuances to it that go overlooked.