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i would love to pet this dog

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Mourning ring worn by Queen Victoria. Photo: The Royal Collection
QUEEN VICTORIAâS MICROPHOTOGRAPH MOURNING RING
Queen Victoria's black and white enamel ring, with a microphotograph (reversed) of Prince Albert, whose death in 1861 devastated the Queen and drove her into full mourning for nearly a decade. According to the Royal Collection, this gold mourning ring's bezelfeatures the portrait image attributed to John Jabez Edwin Mayall, the acclaimed Victorian photographer.Â
[Ring in the Royal Collection, RCIN: 65364]
Nay, if there's room for poets in this world A little overgrown (I think there is), Their sole work is to represent the age, Their age, not Charlemagne's--this live, throbbing age, That brawls, cheats, maddens, calculates, aspires, And spends more passion, more heroic heat, Betwixt the mirrors of its drawing-rooms, Than Roland with his knights at Roncesvalles. To flinch from modern varnish, coat or flounce, Cry out for togas and the picturesque, Is fatal--foolish too. King Arthur's self Was commonplace to Lady Guinevere; And Camelot to minstrels seemed as flat As Fleet Street to our poets. Never flinch, But still, unscrupulously epic, catch Upon the burning lava of a song The full-veined, heaving, double-breasted Age: That, when the next shall come, the men of that May touch the impress with reverent hand, and say "Behold--behold the paps we all have sucked! This bosom seems to beat still, or at least It sets ours beating: this is living art, Which thus presents and thus records true life."
Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Aurora Leigh, Book V, ll. 200-222
Until the mid-nineteenth century, by which time paper was being made by steam-driven machines using esparto grass and wood pulp rather than traditional linen rag as raw material, paper commonly represented at least half the cost of a bookâs production.
Simon Eliot, Editor of The History of Oxford University Press, on paper production in the eighteenth century, and how it affected publishing.
Image: Courtesy of Oxford University Press Archives. Do not use without permission.
INTERNATIONAL WOMEN'S DAY: 10 great literary quotes by women
Celebrating International Womenâs Day (March 8), weâve got a handful of 19th century (and one 20th century) literary quotations by, for, and about the position and power of women:
"What do we live for, if it is not to make life less difficult to each other?" âGeorge Eliot (Marian Evans, 1819-1880), Middlemarch (1872)
"It is in vain to say human beings ought to be satisfied with tranquillity: they must have action; and they will make it if they cannot find it. Millions are condemned to a stiller doom than mine, and millions are in silent revolt against their lot. Nobody knows how many rebellions besides political rebellions ferment in the masses of life which people earth. Women are supposed to be very calm generally: but women feel just as men feel; they need exercise for their faculties, and a field for their efforts, as much as their brothers do; they suffer from too rigid a restraint, too absolute a stagnation, precisely as men would suffer; and it is narrow-minded in their more privileged fellow-creatures to say that they ought to confine themselves to making puddings and knitting stockings, to playing on the piano and embroidering bags. It is thoughtless to condemn them, or laugh at them, if they seek to do more or learn more than custom has pronounced necessary for their sex." âCharlotte Bronte (1816-1855), Jane Eyre (1847)
ââI am sure I am,â said Margaret, in a firm, decided tone. âLoyalty and obedience to wisdom and justice are fine; but it is still finer to defy arbitrary power, unjustly and cruelly used-not on behalf of ourselves, but on behalf of others more helpless.ââ âElizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell (1810-1865), North and South (1855)
"Men have had every advantage of us in telling their own story. Education has been theirs in so much higher a degree; the pen has been in their hands. I will not allow books to prove anything." âJane Austen (1775-1817), Persuasion (1817)
"The important thing is not what they think of me, but what I think of them." âQueen Victoria (1819-1901) [source unknown]
"Give us back our suffering, we cry to Heaven in our hearts â suffering rather than indifferentism; for out of nothing comes nothing. But out of suffering may come the cure. Better have pain than paralysis! A hundred struggle and drown in the breakers. One discovers the new world. But rather, ten times rather, die in the surf, heralding the way to that new world, than stand idly on the shore!" âFlorence Nightingale (1820-1910), Cassandra (written 1860; published posthumously)
ââWhat help?â I asked. 'You'd scorn my help,âas Nature's self, you say, Has scorned to put her music in my mouth, Because a womanâs. Do you now turn round And ask for what a woman cannot give? [âŚ] âam I proved too weak To stand alone, yet strong enough to bear Such leaners on my shoulder? poor to think, Yet rich enough to sympathise with thought? Incompetent to sing, as blackbirds can, Yet competent to love, like [GOD]?ââ âElizabeth Barrett Browning (1806-1861), Aurora Leigh (1856)
 â As all virtues nourish each other, and can no otherwise be nourished, the consequence of the admitted fallacy is that men are, after all, not nearly so brave as they ought to be; nor women so gentle. But what is the manly character till it be gentle? The very word magnanimity cannot be thought of in relation to it till it becomes mild, Christ-like. Again, what can a woman be, or do, without bravery? Has she not to struggle with the toils and difficulties which follow upon the mere possession of a mind ? Must she not face physical and moral pain, physical and moral danger ? Is there a day of her life in which there are not conflicts wherein no one can help herâ perilous work to be done, in which she can have neither sympathy nor aid? Let her lean upon man as much as he will, how much is it that he can do for her ? from how much can he protect her ? From a few physical perils, and from a very few social evils. This is all.â âHarriet Martineau (1802-1876), âWOMAN. General Treatise on the Education, Morals, Religion, and Overprotection of Women." (1834-7)
âMy own sex, I hope, will excuse me, if I treat them like rational creatures, instead of flattering their FASCINATING graces, and viewing them as if they were in a state of perpetual childhood, unable to stand alone. I earnestly wish to point out in what true dignity and human happiness consistsâI wish to persuade women to endeavour to acquire strength, both of mind and body, and to convince them, that the soft phrases, susceptibility of heart, delicacy of sentiment, and refinement of taste, are almost synonymous with epithets of weakness, and that those beings who are only the objects of pity and that kind of love, which has been termed its sister, will soon become objects of contempt.â âMary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797), A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792)
ââOur country,ââ she will say, âthroughout the greater part of its history has treated me as a slave; it has denied me education or any share in its possessions. âOurâ country still ceases to be mine if I marry a foreigner. âOurâ country denies me the means of protecting myself, forces me to pay others a very large sum annually to protect me, and is so little able, even so, to protect me that Air Raid precautions are written on the wall. Therefore if you insist upon fighting to protect me, or âourâ country, let it be understood, soberly and rationally between us, that you are fighting to gratify a sex instinct which I cannot share; to procure benefits which I have not shared and probably will not share; but not to gratify my instincts, or to protect either myself or my country. For,â the outsider will say, âin fact, as a woman, I have no country. As a woman I want no country. As a woman my country is the whole world.ââ âVirginia Woolf (1882-1941), Three Guineas (1938)

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Portrait of a Girl (Sophie Gray), 1857. Sir John Everett Millais (English, 1829-1896). Oil on mounted paper.
Sophie Gray was the artistâs sister-in-law and one of his favourite models in the 1850s. The is alive with an electric energy between the sitter and the artist. Women of this period were not portrayed in a confrontational manner, which was unacceptable to Victorian Society. Sophie displays a direct, intimate self-confidence, creating an image far more familiar to 20th century eyes than those of her day.Â
[Poets,] The only teachers who instruct mankind, From just a shadow on a charnel-wall, To find manâs veritable stature out Erect, sublime, â the measure of a man.
âAurora Leigh (Book II, 864-7) by Elizabeth Barrett Browning
She made an effort--an effort which completely prostrated her next day--to look smiling, calm, imperturbable. Why, the very fabric of society was based on that acquiescent feminine smile. She, like other women before her, must learn her fate with the eyes of the world fixed curiously on her.
Ella Hepworth Dixon, The Story of a Modern Woman
Thackeray, William Makepeace, 1811-1863. Vanity fair : a novel without a hero, 1848.
*EC85 T3255Â 848vb
Houghton Library, Harvard University
~ Road Book of Boston and Vicinity for Bicyclers, Riders and Drivers, Charles A. Underwood, ed., 1893 "It is not advisable to wear a bustle."

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What had girls in ball-dresses got to do with life; with life as it swirled and rushed by her, with its remorseless laws, its unceasing activities.
Ella Hepworth Dixon, The Story of a Modern Woman
The Romantic idea of the hero, derived from the concept of the sublime, stands in contradiction to the classical epic notion of the hero as one devoted to the welfare of his family and people. The Romantic hero is individual, alone against the world, self-assertive, ambitious, powerful, and liberator in rebellion against the society that blocks the way of progress toward liberty, beauty, and love; the Romantics read these qualities into Miltonâs Satan.
-Â Jeffrey Burton Russell; âThe Romantic Devilâ
Frankenstein enters into a body building competition and finds he has seriously misunderstood the objective
...but why always Dorothea? Was her point of view the only possible one with regard to this marriage? protest against all our interest, all our effort at understanding being given to the young skins that look blooming in spite of trouble; for these too will get faded, and will know the older and more eating griefs which we are helping to neglect. In spite of the blinking eyes and white moles objectionable to Celia, and the want of muscular curve which was morally painful to Sir James, Mr. Casaubon had an intense consciousness within him, and was spiritually a-hungered like the rest of us.
George Eliot, Middlemarch
It was sad for a young woman to be alone. The pale pinkish light of a spring evening fell on a drab-complexioned girl, whose fat hand moved, as she sewed, with the regularity of a machine. Now the needle was thrust in the fold of black stuff, and the light fell on her ill-cut nails; now the hand was aloft, in the semi-obscurity; it was all tame, monotonous, and regular as a clock. She was a docile, humble, uncomplaining creature, who suggested inevitably some patient domestic animal. Her features, rubbed out and effaced with generations of servility, spoke of the small mendacities of the lower classes, of the women who live on ministering to the caprices of the well-to-do. To-day it would seem she had assumed an appropriately dolorous expression. It sometimes soothed Mary to stitch. Taking up a strip of black merino she began to hem. The seamstress's hand continued to move with docile regularity, and, as Mary looked at her, she was curiously reminded of many women she had seen: ladies, mothers of large families, who sat and sewed with just such an expression of unquestioning resignation. Te clicking sound of the needle, the swish of the drawn-out thread, the heavy breathing of the workwoman, all added to the impression. Yes, they too were content to exist subserviently, depending always on someone else, using the old feminine stratagems, the well-worn feminine subterfuges, to gain their end. The woman who sews is eternally the same.
Ella Hepworth Dixon, The Story of a Modern Woman

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VICTORIAN HISTORY MEME: events [6/9]
The Morant Bay Rebellion, and Governor Eyre Controversy (Oct. 11, 1865)
Though slavery had officially been abolished across the British Empire in 1838 â ostensibly freeing over 700,000 enslaved people in the British caribbean â, racial inequality continued into the next generation in Jamaica. Before the Morant Bay Rebellion, the island population of nearly 500,000 teemed with social, religious, and political tensions. After the uprising of 1865, Jamaica became a British Crown Colony (under direct colonial rule) until 1962. As late scholar Professor Stuart Hall glosses,
Itâs the end of an era. Morant Bay occurs after the dream â the post-abolitionist dream in Britain â [âŚ] that it would be possible, once slavery was abolished, to construct in the Colonies, in places like Jamaica, a sort of society in which the freed slaves and their families would have an opportunity to develop and live something like a satisfying life, and in their view, become more and more like black Englishmen. That was the aim, the ambition, of the anti-slavery lobby. And I think Morant Bay signals that that is not going to happen. [x]
Well into the 1860s (at the same moment as the American Civil War), blacks struggled to find, purchase, and cultivate land of their own. Moreover, the Jamaican court system was dominated by whites, who often (according to scholar Dr. Clinton Hutton) adjudicated cases involving allegations against their own employees.
These and numerous other injustices were among the grievances of Revivalist Baptist preacher Paul Bogle, a landowner (and thus eligible voter) in St. Thomas Parish and now one of Jamaicaâs seven national heroes.
[âŞÂ Songs referencing Bogle: Third Worldâs â96 Degrees in the Shadeâ, and Bob Marleyâs âSo Much Things to Sayâ. âŞ]
Bogle, encouraged by friend and local politician George William Gordon, marched to Morant Bay to seek reparations from Governor Edward Eyre.Arriving at the governorâs house, however, Bogle and his fellows were turned away. (Eyre had previously been a colonial public servant in Australia, where he wrote a favorable account of his attempts to co-exist on tolerant terms with Aboriginal peoples; and as lieutenant-governor of New Zealand, where his awkward personality, fierce Anglican and Euro-centric beliefs, and poor relationship with Governor Grey made his term an unpopular one.)
Matters escalated on Oct. 7, when a court case against a black defendant (tried for trespassing on an abandoned plantation) was interruptedby a black audience member, who was forcibly removed from the courtroom, provoking Bogle and at least twenty others to ârescueâ man in a scene which quickly became a melee between citizens and state troops. Warrants were issued for Bogle and his menâs arrests, forcing events to escalate further, including Bogleâs letter delivered to the Governorâs house on the morning of Oct. 11 [sic]:
We, the petitioners of St. Thomas in the East, send to inform your Excellency of the mean advantages that has been taken of us from time to time, and more especially the present time, when on Saturday, 7th of this month, an outrageous assault was committed upon us by the policemen of this parish, by order of the justices, which occasion an outbreaking, for which warrants have been issues against innocent person[s], of which we were compelled to resist. We therefore call upon your Excellency for protection, seeing we are Her Majestyâs loyal subjects, which protection, if refused to will be compelled to put our shoulders to the wheel, as we have been imposed upon for a period of 27 years, with due obeisance to the laws of our Queen and country, and we can no longer endure⌠[x]
More than three hundred people, including Bogle,turned out on Oct. 11, and raided the unloaded guns of the police station; meanwhile, the Governor had already assembled dozens (possibly over a hundred) troops. Magistrate and German-born Baron von Ketelhodt emerged from within the court house (where a vestry meeting was taking place to discuss the ârebelâ uprising), read the Riot Act, and â when the angered mob did not disperse â ordered his troops to fire, killing eight men. After the smoke cleared and a stunned pause, the rioters ârushed furiously⌠[o]ver the railingâ [NYT], attacking the soldiers, magistrates, and building. By the end of the day, eighteen whites were dead (including von Ketelhodt) and the courthouse was burned to the ground.
Governor Eyreâs reaction to the bloody but contained incidents was swift and brutal: over the next fortnight, troops targeted any black civilian who was perceived as a threat. Of those arrested, at least 439, including Paul Bogle and George William Gordon, were killed (eithershot or hanged after illegal convictions on little or no evidence), while a further 600+ were viciously flogged, and hundreds of homes were razed. (Scholar Dr. Clinton Hutton estimates that, since â after the native group, the Maroons, allied with the Governorâs martial forces â untold numbers of people were killed in their homes: possibly â1,500 people were killed within two weeks of the rebellion⌠Over one thousand houses were burned to the ground â entire villages were wiped off the face of the earth.â [x])Â
When news reached Britain, public outcry was vociferous, particularly among scientists and social reformers, including John Stuart Mill (who founded the Jamaica Committee for the purpose and would attempt multiple times over the next ten years to have Eyre tried for murder, high crimes and misdemeanors), radical politician John Bright, philosopher Herbert Spencer, T.H. Huxley, and Charles Darwin [x]. Somewhat surprisingly, many notable figures came out in support of Eyre, claiming his handling was the only possible method of dealing with an outbreak of native populations by a colonial power in order to avoid complete anarchy: these included Thomas Carlyle 'whose views,'  Hoppen reminds us, 'on the ânigger questionâ were of old vintage' [224]; authors Charles Dickens, Alfred Tennyson, and Charles Kingsley, and reformer John Ruskin. In 1866, a special royal commission was convened to investigate the matter, but Eyre was never tried (though recalled from his position), and was in fact given a pension by the British government until his death in 1901.
Paul Bogle, as well as George William Gordon, is considered one of Jamaicaâs âseven national heroesâ, memorialized alongside activist Marcus Garvey as a key figure in Jamaicaâs long struggle for âblack determinationâ and equality [x]. For the Victorians, however as Stuart Hall argues,Â
Public opinion in Britain had been riveted by the question of whether they could make abolition work. And what I think happens in the aftermath of Bogle and Morant Bay is that you begin to get the ascendancy of the view that blacks are a completely different.[âŚ] âThey are different: they are differently born, differently made; the difference is in their genes, the difference is in their biology, the difference is in the shape and size of their heads, the difference is in their hearts.â And this view really lasts throughout this period, to the end of the nineteenth century and into the twentieth century. It is the view that really pioneers the high period of imperialism, the scramble for Africa. The burgeoning of the colonial powers is really under the egis of a scientific racist view. [x]
[More: Paul Bogle (Catch a Fire) documentary; Economics Library article; 'Morant Bay: History Uncovered'; 1865 NYT article; K. Theodore Hoppen, The Mid-Victorian Generation; and DNB âEyre, Edward Johnâ.]
"Vanity Fair" playing cards, United States Card Co., 1895.
MS Am 2204 (17)
Houghton Library, Harvard University
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