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The basic presentations (Of course): There tends to be three different dynamics in Omegaverse; Alpha, Beta, Omega. Order of social hierarchy also hoes in this order generally from highest to lowest. In some iterations there are also something called 'Pureblood Alpha/Omegas' or a variant of the term. Omegas and Alphas tend to be drawn to each other, but it is not abnormal for Betas to be paired with either (though it is more commonly accepted in omegaverse society for them to be with alphas). Many fics center around the issues of societal expectations of presentations.

Pureblood Alpha/Omegas: Generally the same as their base reference, yet their primal instincts are elevated. Alphas tend to be even more big and aggressive, omegas tend to be even more sensitive to those around them. Both are considered high value, even though they have their own drawback Alphas are considered more aggressive and even dangerous, treated with mistrust, while Omegas are treated even more subservient, weak and almost needy. They tend to be more drawn to each other.

Beta: Beta still have animalistic characteristics like smell and hearing, able to scent things, but are considerably more subdued. They are the most stable of the population, considered the baseline. I personally particularly like the takes where they are actually considered more of the caring type, a better head on their shoulders and not as inhibited by instincts. A pillar of Omegaverse society that runs. They do not have ruts or heats.

Feral: When a person succumbs to base instincts and is purely lead by their second presentation. Very dangerous, and more animalistic traits appear i.e. longer nails/teeth, increased hearing and smell, increased pain tolerance, small amount of growth in size.

Presentations: When a person reaches a certain age/maturity they present. Ways of this can vary from heats or ruts, physical presentations, and pheromone changes. Many times one can make assumptions about how someone will present based on scent accents and overall deminor, but this is not fool proof. Omega parents are typically the first to notice when presentation has started with their young.

Scents: Vary from person to person. Used to show presentation and emotion, often a warning sign to show anger or distress. Can be purposely increased to overpower others.

Ruts/heats: Alphas go through ruts and omegas through heats. Variations of how these come on vary, where it can be seen coming or not generally with a few days prep time. These signs can include increased appetite, changes in scent, and being more prone to emotional outburst. Both versions exist where alphas and omegas have their own cycles, but some apply alphas only going into ruts when omegas go into heats. These cycles happen about every few months and last around a week. Body temperatures normally spike along with hormones. Omegas often don't remember a lot, consumed by fever and pain, so it is up to beta and alpha to take care of them.alphas are a bit more aware, but are largely driven by instinct.

Packs: Packs can be considered families. It can be a group who all sticks together and has their own partners but operate in the same unit, or a group who are polyamourous. Generally there is a primary alpha who leads the group and who the others trust and default to for leadership. Packs can also span generations, or be contained generations and children grow up and leave to start their own packs. While they may have their own, they tend to stay close to family.

Scenting: Smell is everything in the omegaverse. Scents vary from person to person, telling of presentation and emotion. Acts as warnings signs or can be used to sooth others. Scenting glands are found all over the body, but the most potent is on the neck. Other areas include thighs and wrist though these are much weaker in comparison. To show that someone is in a relationship with others couples/packs will scent one another.

Claiming marks: Claiming marks are a way of showing that someone is in a committed relationship. preferences vary, with some being able to heal and have to be redone every so often, while other remain there for a lifetime, eternally committing people to each other. Generally found on the neck scent gland and done during heats to help with the pain, but can be done other times as well.

Purring/crooning: Done to soothe others, coming from a secondary voice-box located in the chest. Normally done by omegas and betas but can be done by alpahs on occasion (alpahs typical only produce a rumbling type growl).

Chirping: Done to show surprise or distress. Restricted to omegas.

Chuffs: Done to show amusement. Restricted to alphas.

Courting: A process done to show that one has interest in another, typically with the alpha/beta giving gifts or doing task to prove that they are a fit mate.

Nesting: Done by omegas to provide themselves with a sense of comfort and is seen as a safe place for them. It is taboo to enter without permission, wither to the room or nest itself. Normally made up of sot items organized in specific ways. Many courting proceedings include gifting of nesting materials. Pups are allowed access to an omegas nest generally until presentation.

More specific headcanons including my own:

Physical attributes:

Alphas -Have knots of course, intended for breeding during ruts keeping their partner locked to them for an extended amount of time. Male presenting have external knots while female presenting have internal knots. -Have larger canine teeth, many to the point where it peaks from their mouths and is common to have them filed to fit better. -Alphas tend to be larger then other presentations, though this is not a requirement.

Beta -Have a naturally calming scent both to alphas and omegas, making them a true neutral. -Have both an upper and lower set of fangs, creating the ultimate vice-grip. Alphas fangs are intended to tear away and omegas are incapacitate, but beta have the biggest jaw pressure of them all, meant to hold prey until another can get there to take care of larger opponents.

Omega -100% my own head canon but I think omegas have the ability to inject a type of toxin from their fangs. Adaptation gave alphas bigger fangs, but an omegas are just as dangerous. While not really enough to kill, it can slow or paralyses those who are bitten. A defensive mechanism to be able to run, but also to be able to slow alphas during mating and prevent injury. Emptying the glands to quickly/much while biting can cause massive migraines. -Omegas tend to run cold, as opposed to the constantly heated alphas. This gives them incentive for a bit more weight which is better for carrying young. It is also why their brain gets a bit more fried than alphas during heats, more sensitive to heat.

Collars: Used by omegas to prevent any unwanted marking and to control scent.

Scent blockers: Used as the name suggest. Can be a medication taken or ointment/spray applied to the skin.

Suppressants: Used to control heats/ruts.

Betas & Heats/Ruts: WHile Betas don't have ruts or heats, they can still take an active part. Betas retain better sense of self during these times with their counterparts so they make good partners. It is also not uncommon to have a trusted Beta friend (or someone who is part of a poly couple) help take care of an Alpha/Omega couple during heats/ruts.

Scruffing: Grabbing the back of the neck to control someone, like a show of dominance. While it is used on all presentations as well as unruly kids, omegas are especially susceptible to it and are highly protective of their necks (links to the use of collars).

Neck Bearing: A way to show submission, tilting the head and exposing the most vulnerable part of the body.

Alpha Voice: When secondary presentations leak into normally speech, a tone laid on that triggers a certain part of the brain to comply.

Inner Alpha/Omega/Beta: Kind of like a subconscious that is awoken after presenting. Is a strict ruling of secondary presentation and the most baseline of instincts. Can have its own voice that encourages its owner, even if they don't always agree.

Kneeling: Something I've seen specifically by the author soaps-mohawk (though it could have been done by others I have not seem any). Done by omegas to show submission and allows them to float into another state of consciousness when pressure to neck is applied by alphas. Meant to show trust and relieve stress/tension for omega.

Institutes: Places that omegas are sent to be reformed of taught how to be proper omegas, I've seen them a number of ways. Some depictions omegas are sent right after presenting, while others are used as threats when someone is viewed as not being 'a proper omega'. Can be government mandated or forced by family. I view these a lot like those troubled teen wilderness camps.