Rhubarb Is Good

The Vasa is a famous warship now preserved in Stockholm, Sweden. She was commissioned by Gustav Adolphus II as part of a military campaign. Because of Gustav’s aggressive tactics, Sweden was a Great War power during the early 17th century. This ship, the vasa and her sister ship, Applet, would be fitted with 64 bronze cannons and Vasa was chosen to be one of the most elaborate warships at sea, as a mix of power and propaganda to the might of Sweden. 

She was constructed between 1626 and 1628 and was designed by Dutch shipbuilders. And therein lies the first quirk of vasa. At this time, the Dutch and Swedish foot were measured differently, and as such vasas planned proportions were significantly different than what actually occurred when built in Sweden. She ended up being 226ft long and 38 wide. However, her keel was far too narrow for a ship of her size. This was discovered when the vice admiral did a stability test on her by having crew run across the ship. He had to abort only a few minutes in because she heeled dangerously. Unfortunately, no one told the king because he was in a campaign on the continent.

Vasa had her maiden voyage on 10 August, 1628 in Stockholm. She only made it 1300m  (~4300 ft) before a gust of wind caused her to heel to port, and water rushed into her open gun ports. She sank quickly, taking 30 crew with her into the Baltic. Her cannons were quickly salvaged for war, and her masts were cut off as she only sunk only about 100 feet, and they could still be seen from shore. 

In 1961, she was properly salvaged and taken ashore for the first time since her maiden voyage. She had to be sprayed with water constantly as she could warp and crack if she dried out. They ended up spraying her with a mix of water and  polymer to take the water molecules place and keep her stable. The cold water of the Baltic, the low salinity of where she sat, and the clay sediment at the bottom made her incredibly well preserved. They were able to recover 98% of her, including pigment samples and in fact human hair from the crew bodies. 

Vasa currently resides in Stockholm, enjoying her new life as a museum ship, one of the few ships from this era that managed to survive, albeit in a very roundabout way. Amongst her exhibits are the bodies of the sailors, sailcloth that’s been recovered, restored and painted statues, and of course the grand Swedish lady herself.

I took the cargo ops class at school but my teacher explained that it doesn't give a certification and I'd only be okay for ship's crane and the school forklifts. she said I could take an online exam and get my cert. I paid 60 bucks.

I'm googling and I'm seeing a lot of resources saying that the online programs cover the classroom part of the exam but not the in person practical aspect.

29 CFR 1910.178 (l)(2)(ii)

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The formerly-Catholic Society of St Pius X triggered the schism by consecrating bishops without the Pope’s approval, a key part of the ceremony for Catholic believers.