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Giant Emerald Pill Millipede (Zoosphaerium neptunus), family Anthrosphaeridae, Madagascar
Photos: Chien C. Lee, Enrique Lopez-Tapia, Thomas J. Astle
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Giant Emerald Pill Millipede (Zoosphaerium neptunus)
The largest of the pill millipedes, the Giant Emerald Pill Millipede can be easily distinguished from its relatives (including other large millipedes with which it shares its range) by the beautiful green colouration of its exoskeleton when reflecting light. Endemic to Madagascar, members of this species are found mainly in the humid forests on the north of the island where they feed on leaf litter and other forest detritus. Female Giant Emerald Pill Millipedes are significantly larger than males (potentially as large as an apple when in their defensive curled-up posture,) and smaller males compete for their attention using a pair of modified legs, known as telopods, to produce a gentle call through striation (similar to those produced by crickets and grasshoppers.) After receiving a parcel of gametes from a successful male (which the telopods are also used for) females lay over 1,000 eggs beneath damp forest detritus.
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Image Source: Here
Swarming behaviour and mass occurrences in the world’s largest giant pill-millipede species, Zoosphaerium neptunus, on Madagascar and its implication for conservation efforts (Diplopoda: Sphaerotheriida)
December 2010
Thomas Wesener, Kai Schütte
ABSTRACT
The first records of mass occurrences (swarming behaviour) in giant pill - millipedes, order Sphaerotheriida, are reported from Madagascar. Swarming behaviour in the order Sphaerotheriida seems to be restricted to a single of more than sixty described Malagasy species, Zoosphaerium neptunus (Butler, 1872), which is the world’s largest known giant pill millipede. Rolled up individuals can be up to the size of a baseball, tennis ball or small orange, but only females reach this giant size, males being smaller than a ping pong ball. Nine occurrences of such Z. neptunus swarms were analyzed based on actual specimens, video or photographic evidence collected by other researchers, dating back as far as 1892. One additional swarm, comprising several thousand individuals was examined in detail, with 260 randomly collected specimens being dissected and measured...
Read paper here:
(PDF) Swarming behaviour and mass occurrences in the world’s largest giant pill-millipede species, Zoosphaerium neptunus, on Madagascar and its implication for conservation efforts (Diplopoda: Sphaerotheriida)
Giant Emerald Pill Millipede (Zoosphaerium neptunus), family Anthrosphaeridae, Alaotra-Mangoro, Toamasina, Madagascar
Photograph by Julien Renoult
“A rotational gif of the skeleton of the holotype of Rhombophryne vaventy, with a Zoosphaerium sp. in its gut.“
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