#uliyo-e

This print is often described simply as Shinagawa (品川); it's one of the prints from a large series Sōhitsu gojūsan tsugi (双筆五十三次), translated as The Fifty-three Stations by Two Brushes.

All prints of the series combined landscapes along the Tōkaidō with human scenes somehow associated with each station on this road. Created in 1854, the series was a collaboration between two Japanese famous ukiyo-e artists - perhaps, the most famous Two Brushes of this era - Utagawa Hiroshige, who created the landscape parts, and Utagawa Kunisada, who designed the figures.

So, the full title of the print is Shinagawa mijimai-beya (品川 身仕舞部屋), Shinagawa: Dressing Room (literally a Room for Getting Ready). Shinagawa, the first station outside Edo on your way to Kyoto, had a large 'pleasure district', so the the seated woman is interpreted as a courtesan, with a maid combing her hair to prepare for work. The courtesan is smoking a long kiseru pipe, a typical marker of her profession; the tobacco tray is standing beside her.

The courtesan is sitting in front of a mirror, but she is not looking at it - instead, she is just using it as a stand to place the book she reads while being combed:

This is not a usual book but keikobon (稽古本), a practice/rehearsal book with the lines of jōruri (浄瑠璃本), the scripted chants exclaimed during theater performances. High-level geishas were expected to entertain their guests with quite sophisticated musical and theatrical gigs.