#trueamericans

Circa 1903

The people have spoken, now in #Wyoming, and the #Bluewavecontinues !! Congrats Judge Rebecca Dallet!! @dallet4justice #votedemocrat #trueamericans #truepatriots #letfreedomring #bluewave (at Wyoming)

Bidu-ya, more commonly known as Victorio, was a warrior and chief of the Warm Springs band of the Tchihendeh (or Chiricahua, often called Mimbreño) division of the central Apaches in what is now the American states of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and the Mexican states of Sonora and Chihuahua. Victorio was born in the Black Range of New Mexico in 1825. Victorio was raised as a member of the Eastern Chihenne Apache, also known as the Warm Springs and Mimbreno Apache. There is speculation that he or his band had Navajo kinship ties and was known among the Navajo as "he who checks his horse". Victorio's sister was the famous woman warrior Lozen; "Dextrous Horse Thief". In 1853 he was considered a chief or sub-chief by the United States Army and signed a document. In his twenties, he rode with Mangas Coloradas, leader of the Coppermine band of the Tchihendeh people and principal leader of the whole Tchihendeh Apache division (who took him as his son-in-law), and Cuchillo Negro, leader of the Warm Springs band of the Tchihendeh people and second principal leader of the whole Tchihendeh Apache division, as well as did Nana, Delgadito, Cochise, Juh, Geronimo and other Apache leaders. Mangas Coloradas taught Victorio how to create an ambush and to wait for enemies to enter the killing zone.[1] As was the custom, he became the leader of a large mixed band of Mimbreños and Mescaleros (led by his friend – and probably brother-in-law as husband of another daughter of Mangas Coloradas, as well Cochise) and fought against the United States Army. From 1870 to 1880, Victorio, chief of the Coppermine Mimbreños and principal leader of all the Tchihende, along with Loco, chief of the Warm Spring Mimbreños and second-ranking among the Tchihende, were moved to and left at least three different reservations, some more than once, despite their bands' request to live on traditional lands. Victorio, Loco and the Mimbreños were moved to San Carlos Reservation in Arizona Territory in 1877. Victorio and his followers (including old Nana) left the reservation twice, seeking and temporarily obtaining hospitality in Fort Stanton Reservation among their Sierra Blanca and Sacramento Mescalero allies and relatives (Caballero was probably Victorio's brother-in-law and Mangus' uncle, San Juan was too an old friend and Nana's wife was a Mescalero woman), before they came back to Ojo Caliente only to leave permanently in late August 1879, which started Victorio's War. Despite Nautzili's efforts, many Northern Mescalero warriors, led by Caballero and Muchacho Negro, joined him with their families, and San Juan and other Mescaleros also left their reservation; many Guadalupe and Limpia Mescalero too (Carnoviste and Alsate were close allies to Victorio after 1874) joined Victorio's people. Victorio was successful at raiding and evading capture by the military, and won a significant engagement at Las Animas Canyon in what is now the Aldo Leopold Wilderness on September 18 1879. In Victorio's War from September 1879 to October 1880, Victorio led a band of Apaches, never numbering more than 200 men, in a running battle with the U.S. and Mexican armies and the civilian population of New Mexico, Texas, and northern Mexico, fighting two dozen skirmishes and battles. In October 1880, in north-eastern Chihuahua (a land well-known to the Guadalupe and Limpia Southern Mescaleros), having sent Nana and Mangus to raid for food and ammunition, Victorio, with only a few warriors and even less ammunition, his band were surrounded and sadly, were murdered by soldiers of the Mexican Army under Colonel Joaquin.

Geronimo in 1905; a prisoner of war on his own his homeland.

Lozen ( meaning "dexterous horse thief") was the younger sister of Apache Chief Victorio, was a skilled warrior, shaman, and prophet of the Chihenne Chiricahua Apache. She was born in 1840 in Apacheria, which consisted of New Mexico, Arizona, and Northern Mexico. As a young girl, she showed little interest in the traditional roles of men and women and spent most of her time with her brother Victorio. She began riding horses at the age of seven, and soon, she could outrun any of the men. She also learned how to use a war club, spear, bow, and rifle from her brother. Like all Apache girls, when she reached the age of her womanhood ceremony, Lozen celebrated her transition into womanhood with the Sunrise Ceremony and she was courted by many men but let it be known that she would never marry. During the ceremony she decided she wanted to gain special powers from the mountain spirits, so she climbed the Sacred Mountain and fasted there for four days and nights. It is said she was given two great powers: the power to heal wounds and the power to know the location of enemies. Lozen used herbs and song to heal people and treat wounds. Instead, she undertook and succeeded at the hardship of a dikohe or a warrior in training. Afterward, the Council accepted her, and she became a warrior. When the US Army tried to drive the Chiricahua Apaches from their homeland, Lozen fought alongside Cochise, Geronimo, and Victorio in defense of her people. Gifted with the power of far-sight that allows her to see enemies miles away,  by means of a ritual in which she sang, extended her arms, and turned in a circle until the palms of her hands tingled, a sign that let her know from which direction they were approaching. She become an extraordinary shaman, warrior, horse thief, and healer. 

Conchise (meaning "having the quality or strength of an oak") was leader of the Chihuicahui local group of the Chokonen and principal nantan of the Chokonen band of the Chiricahua Apache. A key war leader during the Apache Wars, he led an uprising that began in 1861 and persisted until a peace treaty was negotiated in 1872. Cochise County in the Southeastern corner of Arizona is named after him.

Naiche (meaning "mischief maker") was the last hereditary leader of the Chiricahua Apache. As an young adult, Naiche, a son of Cochise, led many Apache raids in Arizona. He became chief after his older brother, Taza, died in 1876. During 1880, opposing relocation to the San Carlos Reservation in Arizona, Naiche entered Mexico with Geronimo's band. While living in the Sierra Madre Mountains, the Chiricahua attacked Mexican and American settlements. Although Naiche was the chief, he submitted to the leadership of his elder, Geronimo, during these forays.

Goyaałé, more commonly known as Geronimo, was a prominent leader and medicine man from the Bedonkohe band of the Ndendahe Apache people. From 1850 to 1886, Geronimo joined with members of three other Central Apache bands; the Tchihende, the Tsokanende (called Chiricahua by White Americans) and the Nednhi, to carry out numerous raids, as well as fight against Mexican and U.S. military campaigns in the northern Mexico states of Chihuahua and Sonora and in the southwestern American territories of New Mexico and Arizona.