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Explore the Seven Layers of Connectivity in the OSI Model
Unlock the mysteries of the OSI Model! Beginner-friendly guide to understand the layers and functions. Dive into networking fundamentals effortlessly.
Unraveling the OSI model: A symphony of 7 layers that harmonize digital communication. Discover the grand performance. 🎵 #OSIModel
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OSI Model
OSI Model
OSI Model stands for the Open System Interconnection Model. This model is the model that was published by the ISO "International organization for Standardization" in the 1984. This Model is published just for communication purposes of the different vendors. There were the different devices that manufacturing were different and their pattern of the commination mismatch to each other. So OSI model published for the communication of the different vendors because it is open source so that is the reason this model called the
Open System Interconnection Model.
This Model is known as the theoretical model. This model is classify into the seven layers just for the easy understanding of the networking how the data propagate from sender to the receiver. So following are the seven layers of Open System Interconnection Model:
Fig: OSI Model
Application Layer Â
Presentation Layer
Session Layer
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
Physical layer
Application Layer Â
Application layer is the 7th layer of the OSI Model and if we start the  top to bottom then then it will make the 1st layer. So the mainly sequence that mostly common is bottom to top. Application layer is the layer that provide the user interface for user to interact. There are many applications in the computer field and if we see applications are divided into the two types: 1)Computer Application 2)Network Application. We need the network application for the communication and communication is necessary for the resources sharing. There are the multiple protocols that operate on this layer that are the following:
Http that use the port number 80.
Https that  use the port number 443.
FTP that use the port number 20-21.
SSH that use the port number 22.
Telnet that use the port number 23.
SMTP that use the port number 25.
TFTP that use the port number 69.
Presentation Layer
Presentation layer is the layer that is the 6th layer of the OSI model and this layer concerns with the presentation of the data. presentation layer is the layer at which encoding of the data and decoding of the data  occur and that layers also concerns with the encryption and decryption of the data. Compression and decompression of the data also a part of the presentation layer .
Session Layer
Session layer is the 5th layer of the OSI model and that layer is play an important role for the checking the availability of the destination. That layer is very important layer which is use to establish  the session, maintain the session, and the terminating of  session. The other main role of this layer is data synchronization of the session streams that are the multiple. This layer work as the dialog controller. This layer is the layer that can directly communicate with presentation layer and the transport layer.
Transport Layer
Transport layer is the layer that is known as the 4th layer of the Open Systems Interconnection Model. This is the layer that concern with the identifying of the service. The main functionality of this layer is Multiplexing and Demultiplexing. The process of segmentation of data  also concerns with that layer. Sequencing and reassembling of the data happen on that layer. Flow Control and error correction are  also occurring on that layer. TCP transmission control protocol and UDP user datagram protocol work on this layer.
TCP {Reliable, Connection Oriented, Slower than UDP}
UDP{Unreliable, Connectionless, Faster}
Network Layer
Network layer is the 3rd layer of the OSI model and that layer is most common and important layer of the OSI model. That layer is the layer on which our most important and effective device router works. Network layer is the layer that concern with the following :
Logical Addressing
Path Determination
Routing Protocols{RIP, RIPv2, OSPF, BGP, EIGRP}
Routed Protocols {IP, IPX, AppleTalk}
Datalink link Layer
Datalink link layer is the 2nd layer of the OSI model and here switch that is the networking device operate on this layer. Data link layer is the layer that concerns with the local delivery of the frames in between the devices. Here we see the most important protocols that are the following :
HDLC
HDLC stands for the Higher Level Datalink Control Protocol.
Cisco Proprietary.
No support Authentication, compression, and error correction.
PPP
PPP stands for the point to point protocol.
Standard Protocol.
Support Authentication, compression, and error correction.
Physical layer
This layer is the first layer of the OSI model. Physical layer is the layer that concern with the bits transfer of the from one medium to other medium. Hybrid Universal Broadcast device is the device that work on that layer. This layer concerning with how the bit converted into the signals.
The Transport Layer is the fourth layer within the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model. It serves as a conceptual framework that estab
The Transport Layer is the fourth layer within the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model. It serves as a conceptual framework that establishes standardized functionalities for a communication system on a network. This layer is responsible for secure and efficient data transmission between hosts or devices on a network. It ensures that data is transferred error-free, in the correct sequence, without loss or duplication, and delivered to the right application.
TCP/IP Model
TCP/IP Model
TCP/IP Model stands for the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol Model. This model is developed by the Advanced Research Project Agency Network that is known as the ARPANET.
Fig: ARPANET
TCP/IP Model is the model that has the four layers. And TCP/IP is the more reliable than Open System Interconnection Model. And TCP/IP model is the model that has the not very strict boundaries. This Model is the model that follow the approach of the horizontal approach. TCP/IP model is the model in which application layer is the combination of the session and presentation layers. In this model the layer of transport does not provide the assurance delivery of the user data/packets. The network layer of this model is provide the services of connection less. This Model is tough with respect to the replacement of the protocols.
Fig: TCP/IP Model
Following are the four layers of the TCP/IP Model:
Application Layer
Transport Layer
Internet Layer
Link Layer
Application Layer
Application layer is the layer that is the combination of the OSI model's 5th,6th, and 7th layers. This layer is the layer that has the responsibility of the node to node communication and also control the UI specifications. Some are the protocols of this layer:
Http that use the port number 80.
Https that  use the port number 443.
FTP that use the port number 20-21.
SSH that use the port number 22.
Telnet that use the port number 23.
SMTP that use the port number 25.
TFTP that use the port number 69.
Transport Layer
This layer is the layer that is responsible for the end to end communication and the error remove delivery of the user data. This layer is known as the host to host layer. Here are the two most important protocols that are below:
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
TCP is Reliable.
TCP is Connection Oriented.
TCP is Slower than UDP.
UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
UDP is Unreliable.
UDP is Connectionless.
UDP is Faster.
Internet Layer
Internet layer is the layer that equivalent to the network layer of the OSI model. It is responsible for the logical transmission of the data. This is the second layer of the TCP/IP model. This is also known as the network layer and the main point is that this layer is responsible for the delivery of the packets.Open Shortest Path First is the example protocol of the internet layer and this protocol is based on the Dijkstra Algorithm and that algorithm also known as the shortest path first algorithm and link state algorithm. These are the three names of one algorithm of the internet layer's routing protocol OSPF.
Link Layer
This layer is the 1st layer of the TCP/IP Model and that layer is also known as the network access layer. It is very helpful for the understanding of the how data should sent through the network. This layer concern with the how the data transmit between the two devices.
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SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) is a secure settlement developed for information securely over the Internet. It is a protocol that allows traffic between a web server and client (ie, the browser) to be strongly encrypted, using public-key technology. Many websites use SSL for secure areas of their sites, such as user account pages and online
Transport layer accept data from session layer.This layer divide data into smaller units.These units further pass to the Network layer.See here session layer.
What is Application Layer?
Function of application layer
Problem with application layer
What is presentation layer?
Function of presentation layer
Problem with presentation layer
What is session layer?
Function of session layer.
Problem with session layer
What is transport layer?
Function of transport layer.
Problem with transport layer.
OSI Model Interview Questions and Answers (CCNA). Open System Interconnection is reference model which define standards of communication over the network.
OSI is the Open Systems Interconnection is a reference model. It defines the standards of communication between the computer systems/applications over the network. It is not implemented in the real world but taken as the reference on how computers communicate with each other using various protocols define in each layer. OSI model is nowhere is not implemented in the real world but taken as the reference on how computers communicate with each other using various protocols define in each layer.OSI model divides the network architecture into 7 layers.
