#temperature scale

On this day in 1824, highly distinguished scientist William Thomson (known as Lord Kelvin, 1st Baron Kelvin; 1824-1907) was born.

He made significant contributions across various scientific disciplines, including thermodynamics, electricity, and magnetism.

He published over 650 papers and is perhaps best known for devising the absolute temperature scale.

William Thomson was primarily raised by his father, a mathematics professor, who influenced his early education in mathematics.

Thomson excelled academically, entering the University of Glasgow at age 10 and later attending Cambridge, graduating with the highest honors.

His early work defended the controversial methods of Fourier, laying the groundwork for his future contributions to electromagnetism, and the development of the Kelvin scale.

Collaborating with notable scientists like James Joule, Thomson contributed to the second law of thermodynamics and the Joule-Thomson effect.

Thomson was honored with numerous awards and held prestigious positions, including president of the Royal Society of London.

Despite his scientific achievements, he controversially opposed Darwin's evolutionary theory based on his thermodynamic calculations.

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Anders Celsius is the person behind modern-day temperature taking. It was his scale of 0 to 100 degrees, devised in 1742, that described the gradations between the temperatures of melting ice and boiling water. His scale ran the opposite to how we now use it, with 100⁰ being the melting point of ice and 0⁰ being the boiling point of water. The scale was reversed by colleague Carl Linnaeus three years later to allow for more practical measurement. Celsius, who was born on 27 November 1701, will live on in his self-named temperature scale.

The Fahrenheit (symbol °F) temperature scale was replaced by the Celsius scale in most countries during the mid to late 20th century, though Canada retains it as a supplementary scale that can be used alongside Celsius.