#teaching mandarin

2000 words - basic meaning

6000 words - sentence comprehension

silent reading is more important because reading out loud is slower - I think I feel this when I try to read Japanese, if I read it out loud, I can read everything but not understand it

SQ3R

Survey - skim through quickly

Question - ask questions, what was the title, what was it about?

Read

Recite - paraphrase

Review - read the headings and try to recall the key points

REAP

This feels not as important as the textbook barely says anything about this

Read

Encode - into the reader's own system

Annotate - summarize in own words

Ponder

DRTA (Directed Reading and Thinking Activity)

Predict - predict the content from the headings/images

Read - silent reading

Prove - teacher asks open questions

ReQuest

The teacher and student both read. Then take turns asking questions, the person asking can check the text; the person answering can't look at the text.

(This one actually sounds kinda fun to see in practice)

QAR (Question-Answer Relationship)

This one is kind of like the reading comprehension tests where you read and then answer questions.

Questions right in the text

Need to think, combine and integrate information from the text

Need to combine information from the text along with their own knowledge

Trying to use a few words to summarize the teaching method to make sure I "get" it. There are 10 of these, I'll put down 5 for now.

Note: Don't expect this to have textbook accuracy, it's for me to prepare my Mandarin teaching certification :)

直接教學法 - The direct method (DM)

Use the target language to teach, no translations, just like how you'd teach a child in their native tongue.

Focus: speaking/listening

文法翻譯法 - The grammar-translation method (GTM)

Like the boring English classes I had at school. Translates to native language.

Focus: reading/writing (vocabulary and grammar)

情境教學法 - Situational Language Teaching (SLT)

Promotes structural syllabus (課程進度表), have stuff like how to book a restaurant, a scenario for students to practice.

Focus: speaking/listening

聽說教學法 - The audiolingual method (ALM)

More guidance than the direct method, gives a structure, uses drills and repetition to form habits.

Focus: speaking/listening

團體語言學習法 - Community Language Learning (CLL)

Putting this down so I don't forget

漢賦

唐詩

宋詞

元曲

While studying, t is mentioned that a subject 主語 is not required in Mandarin. This feels a lot like Japanese too.

下雨了。主語

雨が降る。Update: This sentence in Japanese actually has a subject, but see the reply below for examples. Thanks @pinklesbionade!

It is raining. (It is the subject)

In English it is required.

Methods for teaching Chinese characters. In short it's (1) learn the characters in a group or (2) learn the characters in context.

集中識字

先識字，後讀書 (learn then read)

easier to compare and contrast the different characters when put together in a session 媽、姊、妹、奶、姑 -> student may grasp: if I see 女, it's a female 把、吧、疤、巴、肥 -> if I see 巴, it usually sounds like ba, but notice there are exceptions

might cause confusion when similar words are put together in a session 渴、喝 -> might confuse these two characters 請、清、晴 -> might confuse which one is pronounced what

分散識字

字不離詞、詞不離句、句不離文 (learn in context) 太陽很大。The sun is big -> Very sunny Students will know to use 大 instead of 多 to say sunny

Combining the two together might be: 隨文識字，集中歸類. For example:

Encounter 喝 in text

Then also give examples of other characters like 吃、叫 they also have 口 so these are characters related to mouth

Or with 太陽很大 as example:

In context: 太陽很大。The sun is big -> Very sunny

漢藏語系 Sino-Tibetan Family

使用人口僅次於印歐語系 Indo-European Family (English is in this family)

南島語系 Austronesian Family

台灣高山族的語言屬於這個，例如 mata 這個詞展現了台灣原住民語言與南島語系（Austronesian）強烈的關聯性。

泰雅語 (Tayal)： mita (看) / mata (眼睛)

阿美語 ('Amis)： mata

排灣語 (Paiwan)： maca

布農語 (Bunun)： mata

卑南語 (Pinuyumayan)： mata

馬來語/印尼語： mata

菲律賓語 (Tagalog)： mata

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