So I'm writing a story with an island colony who mainly farm to support themselves. I'm trying to find an alternate to cows/bulls for what they do. Currently I'm using goats for milk, sheep for meat, and donkeys/miles for plowing fields. Is this good or should I consider something else. The island's climate ranges in the middle latitude Virginia area and this is a fantasy world so if there are maybe fantasy animals to consider that works too.
Oh, goodness, I love all these animals so answering this was real fun.
The animals youâve chosen are all pretty good choices for that climate. Donkeys, mules, and goats are hardy animals (donkeys especially, since they can fluff up and flatten their fur to retain/dispel heat).
Mules/donkeys are less susceptible to disease than horses are (but it does still happen). They also have a strong sense of self-preservation, and tend to conserve their energy rather than overwork themselves. Itâs why a lot of people think theyâre stubborn - the animal doesnât know how long theyâre going to work, and if it gets tired, it stops. This is why, when mine animals were more of a thing, mules and donkeys were preferred to horses.
Iâm just wondering how big your island(s) is (are). Is it enough to keep them all comfortable, and to grow the food theyâll be eatingâŚmaybe theyâre going to trade for the food?
All of the animals youâve chosen have smaller appetites than horses or cattle do, but each have different diets.
Ewes between 130 and 150 lbs (58.9 to 68 kg) need 3 to 3.5 lbs (1.4 to 1.6 kg) of alfalfa, clover, or mixed grass hay. They can also survive on pasture land, provided thereâs enough. Your colony can practice flushing (giving the ewes more to eat before and during the breeding season) if they want - this is actually linked to an increase in the birth of twins. If theyâre going to do this, then each ewe requires about 4.5 lbs (about 2 kg) of alfalfa/clover/mixed hay daily (or can be put to pasture). A nursing ewe (and, since I added flushing, sheâs got twins) will need 4.5 to 5 lbs (2 to 2.25 kg) of alfalfa/clover hay, plus 2 lbs (a scant 1 kg) of coarse-cracked corn, or can be put to pasture.
Rams are alright with 5 to 6.5 lbs (2.25 to 3 kg) of hay or pasture all through the year. But around breeding, they may need more (0.5 lb or 0.25 kg of coarse-cracked corn, or 10% extra of their daily hay intake).
Compared to sheep, goats are (somewhat) easier to take care of. You canât (or shouldnât) feed them hay, because they have a harder time digesting tough fibers and cell walls, but trees and shrubs are fine (goats can detoxify the bitter tannins in bark, and donât seem to mind the bitterness). You didnât mention the colony raising goats specifically for meat, but Iâm going to add that sometimes meat goats can eat as much as twice the amount of feed as cattle can. And for nursing/lactating does, protein is important! Alfalfa hay is pretty much the only hay with enough protein for them.
Donkeys and mules need a 4 to 1 ratio of hay to legumes. Alfalfa hay, and other rich feed, should not be fed to them. Friends of the family actually had a mule die because his feed was too richâŚ
Itâs also important to know what size you want your animals to be. There are lots of different donkey breeds, for example, and a miniature is definitely different than a mammoth jack (whose average height is 13 to 15 hands high). Mules, too, depending on how big their parents were. And I bet you already know this, but mules are sterile (although there have been very rare accounts of a female mule birthing), and their average lifespan is around 20 years; if your characters are going to breed their own, then stud donkeys should be kept (the mammoth jack is good for this!).
Does the island have any predators? The donkey and mule are good guard animals, tooâŚand they can be dangerous if they donât know to be friendly around smaller animals. Theyâll bite, chase, kick, step on, and even fling around intruder-animals (the mule I mentioned before loved to chase around his ownerâs chickens, and pretty much hated the dog, but he didnât ever get close enough to step on them).
If the number of animals you have are limited you can have multi-purpose animals. Donkeys can give milk (donkey milk cheese and soap are actually luxury products, although Iâve never tried them :P ), goats can be harnessed to carts (light work, though, no plowing), etc.
The ground might be a problem for animals, if itâs too muddy or swampy. I live in a part of the state where the ground can very quickly go from dry, grassy areas to swamp land (complete with lâeau de decay, how charming). The hooves of donkeys, horses, and mules are like suction-cups in the mudâŚ
And fantasy animals are always good to solve problems. You could make up a breed of sheep/goat/donkey native to the area, or come up with a new species entirely!
I hope this helps. If you need more information, you can always email or message me. Good luck writing! (Whew, I feel long winded)