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Getting Started with InstaLODCmd SDK2

This page will help you to get up to speed with InstaLODCmd SDK2 in just a few minutes.

What is InstaLODCmd SDK 2

InstaLODCmd is a cross-platform console application that enables you to perform mesh operations on a batch of 3D models or scenes without having to use a graphical user interface. Complex batch processes can be set up within minutes by specifying optimization profiles and batches using JSON.

InstaLODCmd also forms the optimization backend for InstaLOD for Autodesk Maya and InstaLOD for Autodesk 3ds Max.

Table of Contents

Getting Started

Prerequisites

License

Machine Authorization

Machine Deauthorization

Offline Authorization (Enterprise)

Profiles and Batches

Polygon Optimization

Optimizing without a Profile

Remeshing

"Game-Ready" Remeshing

Imposters

Hybrid Billboard Cloud Imposters

Rendering Hybrid Billboard Cloud Imposters

Merging Mesh Materials

Occlusion Culling

Automatic Interior Culling

Camera Based Occlusion Culling

Visibility Based Mesh Optimization

UV operations

UV Unwrap

UV Repack

Baking

Targeting Meshes By Name

Internally Generated Texture Pages

Baking Vertex Colors

Your First Bake with InstaLODCmd

Baking Cages

Advanced Baking

Mesh Operation Chains

Materials

Automatic Texture Page Configurations

Custom Texture Page Configurations

Example 1: Color maps

Example 2: Alpha masks

Example 3: Input normal maps

Example 4: Customizing internal textures

Rendering Normal Maps

Format strings with InstaLOD Script variables

Using OS Environment Variables

InstaLOD Script

Program Arguments

Available import/export file formats

Adding custom file format support via plug-ins

Contributing to this document

Website

Getting Started

To get started quickly with InstaLODCmd it is recommended to inspect the sample files that are included in the InstaLODCmd distribution.

InstaLODCmd works by executing mesh operations as specified by JSON profiles on input files queued either via JSON batch files or by manually queuing them by specifying file or folder input via program arguments. Multiple profiles and batches can be loaded and executed in parallel with a single invocation of InstaLODCmd.

Prerequisites

InstaLODCmd for Windows has been compiled using Visual Studio 2015 Update 3 on Windows 10. If you are not using the latest version of Windows the installation of the Visual C++ Redistributables for Visual Studio 2015 Service Pack 3 is required. If you have already installed Visual Studio 2015 or later on your workstation, the installation of the redistributables is not necessary. InstaLODCmd for Windows is compatible with Windows XP Service Pack 3 and later. IntaLODCmd for MacOS requires MacOS Sierra 10.12 or later.

License

Machine Authorization

Before InstaLODCmd can be used your workstation needs to be authorized. To authorize your workstation cd into the InstaLODCmd directory and execute the following command and replace the placeholders with your actual license information:

InstaLODCmd -authorize <username> <password>

Your workstation is now authorized for use with InstaLOD. Make sure to deauthorize your workstation before uninstalling InstaLOD or you will not be able to authorize another workstation.

Machine authorization for InstaLOD is system wide. If you've already been using InstaLOD on your computer, there is no need to authorize your machine for InstaLODCmd. Make sure to deauthorize your workstation prior to uninstalling InstaLOD, or the seat/node will remain locked.

Machine Deauthorization

To deauthorize your workstation prior to uninstalling InstaLODCmd, use the -deauthorize argument:

InstaLODCmd -deauthorize <username> <password>

Deauthorization takes 24 hours to complete. Until the deauthorization cycle is fully complete the seat/node will remain locked and cannot be used to activate another machine.

Offline Authorization (Enterprise)

Enterprise licensees can make use of offline authorization in situations where a machine that needs to be activated has no access to the internet. In these cases, a machine that has an active internet connection can be used to create a license file on behalf of another machine. First, it is necessary to acquire the machine key of the target machine by specifying the -machineKey argument:

InstaLODCmd -machineKey

InstaLODCmd will now output the machine key to the console. Copy and paste the key to the machine that will fulfill the authorization request and specify the machine key together with the authorizeKey argument:

InstaLODCmd -authorizeKey <key> <filename> <username> <password>

InstaLODCmd will now request a license file for the specified <key> and write it to the specified <filename>. Copy the generated license file to the target machine and ingest it into the InstaLOD licensing system by specifying the -ingestLicense argument:

InstaLODCmd -ingestLicense <filename>

The target machine will now be fully activated and ready for use with any of the tools that are part of the InstaLOD SDK.

Profiles and Batches

InstaLOD ships with profile templates for each operation supported by InstaLOD SDK 2. It is recommended to use these bundled profiles as a starting point when creating new profiles. Each field or setting in a profile template is fully documented, so they serve both as template and as documentation at the same time.

In order to queue files for optimization a valid profile needs to be loaded. Profiles can be loaded by specifying the -profile argument followed by a filename:

-profile <filename>

Once a profile has been loaded, files can be queued by either loading a batch file, specifying a file or searching through a folder. To load a batch file specify the -batch argument.

-batch <filename>

Files are queued directly using the -file argument. The -file argument accepts the following arguments in fixed order:

-file <input filename> <output filename> <profile name>

By passing the -folder argument to InstaLODCmd entire folders can be queued at once by specifying a search folder and a file-mask. The -folder argument requires the following arguments in a fixed order.

-folder <search path> <file mask> <output format> <profile name>

If the search path argument ends with /**, InstaLODCmd will recursively search for all files in all sub-folders of the specified folder.

When queuing files using -folder, a format string needs to be used to avoid overwriting a single output file name. Format strings can be used anywhere an output path is specified. For more information on built-in variables and format strings, please refer to the chapter "Format strings with InstaLOD Script variables".

The following command searches recursively through the Data/ folder and queues all files that match the file mask SK_*.fbx using the OptimizeDemo profile.

InstaLODCmd -profile "Profiles/Optimize.json" -folder "Data/**" "SK_*.fbx" "Build/{YEAR}{MONTH}{DAY}_{MESH.FILENAME}_{INDEX}.fbx" OptimizeDemo

Multiple profiles, batches, files and folders can be specified in a single InstaLODCmd invocation. However, profiles need to be loaded prior to queuing any batches, files or folders that are referencing a particular profile.

InstaLODCmd makes use of all available CPU cores, therefore, it is recommended to batch as many operations as possible in a single invocation.

Profiles can be created and edited manually using any text editor. Another excellent way to create InstaLODCmd profiles is by using InstaLOD for Autodesk Maya or InstaLOD for Autodesk 3ds max. Both integrations can export operation based profiles and profiles that create sophisticated LOD chains using the Batch functionality of the integration.

Working with the InstaLOD DCC integrations to configure and export profiles is our preferred way of creating new profiles.

InstaLODCmd ships with well-documented template profiles for all operation types supported by InstaLOD. It is highly recommended to use these bundled profiles as a starting point when creating new profiles for InstaLODCmd.

Polygon Optimization

Polygon Optimization is the process of removing polygons until the polygon count of the mesh matches the target value. InstaLOD is able to optimize meshes with multiple millions of polygons while maintaining vertex attributes like normals, texture coordinates and colors. Artists can influence the optimization by using vertex colors to mark vertices for preservation or for early removal. When optimizing skinned meshes, InstaLOD will automatically try to preserve polygons around areas critical for the animation. Additionally, InstaLOD features built-in skeleton rig optimization to reduce the amount of bones or vertex weights required to animate the model. InstaLOD's Smart Optimizer mode aims to produce the best result on a variety of mesh topologies without requiring any additional configuration.

The polygon optimization profile template can be found at Profiles/Optimize.json. The bundled optimization profile creates a LOD chain with 4 entries at 100%, 50%, 25% and 10% triangles of the input mesh.

Execute the following command in a shell to load the template profile and execute a sample batch. The batch file consists of two meshes, a static couch model and an animated and skinned parasite zombie:

InstaLODCmd -profile Profiles/Optimize.json -batch Batch/Optimize.json

Remember, it is not necessary to use batch files to optimize your data. To optimize the contents of a single model file, specify it using the -file argument:

InstaLODCmd -profile Profiles/Optimize.json -file Data/SM_Zetsuda_130k.fbx Build/SM_Zetsuda_Optimize.fbx OptimizeDemo

The SM_Zetsuda_130k model is a AAA quality game character that is comprised of more than 35 high resolution textures (up to 4k). It is making use of the Stingray PBS-material found in 2016 and later versions of Autodesk Maya, Autodesk Maya LT and Autodesk 3ds Max. Earlier versions will not be able to render the character with texture, unless the material setup is recreated manually. The character is also being used to demonstrate the powerful material merging capabilities of InstaLOD SDK 2. See the chapter 'Merging Mesh Materials' for more information.

Make sure to review the bundled profile template located at Profiles/Optimize.json to get a better understanding of all settings related to the polygon optimization operation.

By combining multiple operations InstaLOD is able to perform complex optimization operations like Visibility Based Mesh Optimization or custom polygon remeshing as described in the chapter Mesh Operation Chains.

Optimizing without a Profile

Optimization can be performed without creating an optimization profile. To optimize without a profile specify the -instaOptimize argument followed by the target amount of polygons in percent between 1 and 100. InstaLOD will automatically create a default profile with the specified optimization target in percent. It is worth mentioning that if the instaOptimize argument has been specified, all queued files and batches will use the automatically created optimization profile.

InstaLODCmd -instaOptimize 50 -file Data/SM_Couch_10k.fbx Build/Opt_{MESH.FILENAME}{MESH.EXTENSION} InstaOptimize

Remeshing

Remeshing is the process of using input mesh data to construct a new mesh from scratch. A normal map is generated in the process that is used to authentically replicate the shading of the input mesh, even when going from multiple millions of polygons down to a few thousand. Full control over the remeshing resolution and the target face count enables users to create the ideal output mesh for every specific situation. With features like Automatic Occlusion Geometry even non-manifold input meshes can be remeshed without generating interior faces.

InstaLOD's remeshing is both powerful and fast. Therefore, it is highly recommended to watch the tutorial videos that cover the remeshing specific features and setting in detail.

The remeshing profile template can be found at Profiles/Remesh.json. The bundled remeshing profile remeshes the input file at Normal resolution using a fuzzy face count target of Normal. Using the fuzzy face count target is a great way to create real-time ready assets without specifying a target polygon count that needs to be updated for each mesh. When using a fuzzy face count target, InstaLOD chooses an appropriate target face count based on the remeshing resolution, the input mesh face count, the input mesh complexity and it's bounding box size.

The following command uses the remeshing profile template to remesh the 2 million polygon mesh. The resulting surface will have approximately 5000 polygons and a normal map texture to reproduce the fine details of the high poly input mesh.

InstaLODCmd -profile Profiles/Remesh.json -file Data/SM_Scan_Nefertiti_2mio.fbx Build/SM_Nefertiti_Remesh.fbx RemeshDemo

Maya Specific: if color management is enabled, make sure to set the color space of the normal map texture to Raw or severe rendering artifacts will be present when rendering as sRGB.

Normal Map Tangent Space: the template profile outputs a tangent space for OpenGL by default. The tangent space can be set to DirectX by changing the TangentSpaceFormat field in the profile.

Game Engine Specific: If your game engine computes the binormal/bitangent per fragment set the ComputeBinormalPerFragment field to true in the profile. (Unreal Engine 4: true, Unity: false)

Please see the chapter Rendering Normal Maps for more information.

"Game-Ready" Remeshing

This workflow is intended to be used for the rapid creation of "Game-Ready" prop assets, where a small trade-off in quality can be made for a game-changing boost in efficiency and thus saving huge amounts of development time.

Take existing high poly sources from generic 3D object repositories and get them game-ready in minutes.

Create environment props by quickly throwing together high poly props and let InstaLOD turn the scene into a game-ready prop.

Turn high-poly subdivision surfaces or sculpted objects into game ready props without retopologizing the asset.

The possibilities are endless and with some basic understanding of the system, you will be creating incredible assets with minimum effort in no time. Check out our tutorial videos for some great examples on how this workflow can revolutionize your production.

InstaLODCmd ships with a profile template that produces "Game-Ready" assets. The profile can be found at Profiles/RemeshGameReady.json. This profile remeshes the input mesh using a High Resolution and a Normal fuzzy face count target. Important for this particular workflow are the output texture maps. The "Game-Ready" profile will automatically generate all texture maps necessary to texture the asset generated by InstaLOD in tools like "Substance Painter" or "Substance Designer":

Tangent Space Normals

Object Space Normals

Position

Thickness

Curvature

Ambient Occlusion

Mesh ID

Textures will be generated with a 2048x2048 resolution using x2 super sampling. Existing texture maps of the input mesh will be automatically transferred to the mesh constructed by InstaLOD.

InstaLODCmd -profile Profiles/RemeshGameReady.json -file Data/SM_Game_MilitaryCrate_1mio.fbx Build/SM_Game_MilitaryCrate_GameReady.fbx RemeshGameReadyDemo

When importing the geometry created with this profile in Substance Painter or Substance Designer, set the Tangent Space to OpenGL and disable Compute Tangent per Fragment. Additionally, set the texture resolution to 2048x2048. It is highly recommended to use 'Tri-planar projection' when texturing with Substance tools to minimize visible seams where possible.

For more information on using InstaLOD with Substance tools check out our tutorial videos.

Imposters

Imposters are stand-in meshes typically used for foliage type meshes that are difficult to optimize otherwise. InstaLOD is capable of creating a wide range of different imposter types:

AABB

Flip-book

Billboard

(Hybrid) Billboard Cloud

Imposters using custom geometry

Imposter creation with InstaLOD is a one-click solution with full support for per-pixel light and the creation of advanced maps like curvature, AO and more.

The imposterize profile template can be found at Profiles/Imposterize.json. The bundled imposterize profile creates a regular billboard imposter with two-sided quads spawned along the XY-axis and YZ-axis.

InstaLODCmd -profile Profiles/Imposterize.json -file Data/SM_Tree_Birch.fbx Build/{MESH.FILENAME}_Imposter.fbx ImposterizeDemo

Hybrid Billboard Cloud Imposters

Hybrid billboard cloud imposters are a new method of creating highly optimized representations of foliage meshes. One of the great benefits of using hybrid billboard cloud imposters is the preservation of volume and depth, which allows for excellent self shadowing. By mixing billboard abstractions for leaves and regular polygon meshes for trunks and branches this kind of hybrid imposter can hold up even on close inspection. However, using poly meshes for certain parts of the mesh is not a strict requirement. If no meshes are found in the scene where the name matches the CloudPolygonalGeometryMeshSuffix as configured in the profile, the entire mesh will be built using billboards. The imposterize profile template can be found at Profiles/ImposterizeCloud.json. The following example uses a batch file to create a hybrid billboard cloud imposter each of the two input meshes in the batch:

InstaLODCmd -profile Profiles/ImposterizeCloud.json -batch Batch/Imposterize.json

The video above shows Unreal Engine 4 rendering a hybrid billboard cloud imposter next to the respective input mesh that was used to create the imposter. Even though imposters are designed to be viewed at a distance, when used properly they can create a result that holds up well when viewed up close.

Rendering Hybrid Billboard Cloud Imposters

The result is best rendered using a two-sided masked material for the entire mesh. It is highly recommended to utilize a material that supports two-sided foliage rendering so leaves are properly lit. Alternatively, a MeshID map can be generated by InstaLOD to determine when to discard fragments during runtime. If the material is properly lit hybrid billboard cloud imposters can produce stunning results at a very low rendering cost.

Merging Mesh Materials

Both characters and environment props are often constructed using modular pieces or a process called "kit-bashing". These techniques are a great way to create a wide variety of assets while keeping production time down. One major draw back of these techniques is that it often requires multiple material textures for such a composed mesh - resulting in a high per object draw-call count. Therefore, the improvements in production time take a toll on rendering performance.

With InstaLOD such cases can be beautifully optimized by merging all material textures onto a single output texture. Material size on the resulting texture can be configured by adjusting importance weights:

Visual weight, fast ray-tracing against the scene at a low resolution to determine visible material to pixel coverage.

Texture weight, weights generated via texture dimensions

World-space geometry weight, weights generated by determining material coverage in world-space units.

UV weight, weights generated by determining material coverage in UV space.

High quality solidification, super-sampling and full control over UV-shell rotation constraints ensure best-mode quality in all cases. InstaLOD supports merging materials of both static and skinned models or a combination of both. Handling large scenes with multiple millions of polygons and over-sized 30k textures is no problem for InstaLOD.

The mesh material merge profile template can be found at Profiles/MaterialMerge.json. The bundled mesh material merge profile creates a 2048x2048 output texture using x2 super-sampling.

InstaLODCmd -profile Profiles/MaterialMerge.json -file Data/SM_Zetsuda_130k.fbx Build/SM_Zetsuda_MaterialMerge.fbx MeshMaterialMergeDemo

Occlusion Culling

InstaLOD features high precision occlusion culling that uses an in-house developed multi-threaded ray tracer. Visible faces are determined by ray-tracing the scene to a preconfigured resolution using one or multiple cameras stored in the input file. Occluded geometry can be either directly removed by InstaLOD or vertex colors can be written that can be used to further process the mesh. In order to avoid removing single faces of large geometry InstaLOD supports removing geometry on a per sub-mesh basis. When culling on a per sub-mesh basis the entire sub-mesh will be removed if less than a specified number of faces is visible. Additionally, InstaLOD supports automatically removing interior faces as a zero-configuration solution.

Automatic Interior Culling

As a zero-configuration solution to removing interior geometry the automatic interior culling mode can be used. Depending on the complexity and density of the input mesh the fields Resolution, AutomaticPrecision and AdjacencyDepth can be increased at the cost of processing time.

The occlusion culling profile template can be found at Profiles/OcclusionCullAutomatic.json.

InstaLODCmd -profile Profiles/OcclusionCullAutomatic.json -file Data/SM_OC_House.fbx Build/SM_House_CullAutomatic.fbx OcclusionCullDemo

Camera Based Occlusion Culling

Camera based occlusion computes occlusion data based on one or multiple cameras. Both perspective and orthogonal cameras found in the input file will be used for occlusion culling. In order to better comprehend the view of the camera used for the operation InstaLOD supports writing ray traced image output to disk. To enabled image rendering simply set RenderOutputPath to a valid path.

The occlusion culling profile template can be found at Profiles/OcclusionCullCamera.json. The bundled occlusion culling profile uses a custom camera to remove occluded faces and writes camera output to the Build/ folder.

InstaLODCmd -profile Profiles/OcclusionCullCamera.json -file Data/SM_OC_House.fbx Build/SM_House_CullCamera.fbx OcclusionCullDemo

Visibility Based Mesh Optimization

Combining occlusion culling and mesh optimization allows for visibility based mesh optimization. This is a great way to ensure that the optimizer chooses to remove occluded faces before removing visible faces. By setting the field DataUsage to WriteOptimizerWeightsToWedgeColors InstaLOD is able to use the visibility data to write optimizer weights into the vertex color channel of the output mesh. In order to use the output of one operation as input for another operation in the same profile set the UsePreviousOutputAsInput field to true. This functionality enables the mesh optimization operation to use the optimizer weights generated by the occlusion cull operation to further optimize the mesh.

In the image above, a character model has been reduced to 25% of the initial face count using visibility based mesh optimization. A camera has been placed that captures only the shoulders and the head of the model (bright edges). The optimized mesh topology that is visible by the camera that was used to perform the occlusion culling remains unchanged. However, occluded polygons - or polygons outside the camera's frustum (dark edges) have been heavily optimized by InstaLOD.

The visibility based mesh optimization profile template can be found at Profiles/VisbilityOptimize.json. The bundled profile uses a custom camera to generate optimizer weights for the input mesh and optimizes the mesh to 25% while making use of the generated optimizer weights.

InstaLODCmd -profile Profiles/VisbilityOptimize.json -file Data/SM_OC_House.fbx Build/SM_House_VisOptimize.fbx OcclusionCullDemo

For more information on how to create complex chained operations please see the chapter 'Mesh Operation Chains'.

UV operations

InstaLOD's powerful UV functionality can also be used outside of any optimization functionality. This can be useful to automatically UV parameterize surfaces (UV Unwrap) or to improve the UV packing of existing meshes.

UV Unwrap

The UV Unwrap template can be found at Profiles/UVUnwrap.json. InstaLOD UV unwrapper features three distinct algorithms that each have their strengths on different kinds of input meshes. Organic works great for organic meshes while HardSurfaceAxial and HardSurfaceAngle are better suited for hard-surface/constructed type meshes.

The bundled UV Unwrap profile is configured to use the HardSurfaceAxial algorithm as the couch model used in this example is a hard-surface type mesh.

InstaLODCmd -profile Profiles/UVUnwrap.json -file Data/SM_Couch_10k.fbx Build/SM_Couch_Unwrap.fbx UVUnwrapDemo

UV Repack

The UV Pack template can be found at Profiles/UVPack.json. The UV packer will create a new UV layout for the input meshes. It is able to stack duplicate shells and create layouts for non-square textures. In order to preserve axis aligned shells, constraints can be configured that determine how the packer can rotate shells: Allow90 (90° rotations only), None (no rotations) or Arbitrary (arbitrary rotations).

The bundled UV Pack profile repacks the input mesh UV channel 0 to a 1024x1024 texture with a 2px gutter size and writes the result into UV channel 1.

InstaLODCmd -profile Profiles/UVPack.json -file Data/SK_ParasiteZombie_10k.fbx Build/SK_ParasiteZombie_Repack.fbx UVPackDemo

Baking

InstaLOD features a sophisticated baker that is fully batch-able and scalable in terms of both output texture dimensions and polygon counts. Source meshes can be targeted by name using regular expressions to avoid baking onto the wrong target mesh. Even the most trickiest bakes can easily be solved without inserting additional edges, by utilizing baking cages that have a different topology than the target mesh. A wide range of internally generated texture maps and the capability to transfer existing normal and texture maps make InstaLOD's baker the go-to solution for even the most challenging bake. High quality dilation and post-process solidification ensure that you will always get best-mode quality for textures generated by InstaLOD.

Targeting Meshes By Name

InstaLOD's baker renders high quality bakes while keeping iteration speed high and setup friction low. By default, InstaLOD will bake all source meshes onto all target meshes. However, in some cases, it is preferable to perform targeted bakes.

Enable MatchMeshByName to match source meshes to target meshes by name. This avoids baking wrong source geometry to target meshes. Meshes matching the suffix configured in the field MatchMeshByNameTargetSuffix will be considered as target mesh. The suffix will be truncated and the resulting string will form the mesh name that is used to identify matching meshes. Meshes matching the regular expression (ECMA, ignore-case) configured in the field MatchMeshByNameSourceRegExFormat will be used as source mesh.

All source meshes that do not match the source mesh regular expression will be baked onto every target mesh in the scene.

Example 1: hood_rail_low -> matches suffix _low as configured in the field MatchMeshByNameTargetSuffix -> resulting mesh name hood_rail -> mesh hood_rail_high matches the format string regex {MESH.NAME}_high as configured in the field MatchMeshByNameSourceRegExFormat.

Example 2: pilot_target -> matches suffix _target as configured in the field MatchMeshByNameTargetSuffix -> resulting mesh name pilot -> mesh pilot_source_A matches the format string regex {MESH.NAME}_source(.*) as configured in the field MatchMeshByNameSourceRegExFormat -> mesh pilot_source_B also matches the regex as configured in the field MatchMeshByNameSourceRegExFormat as the source mesh name regular expression is configured in a way that allows additional characters after the _source string.

Internally Generated Texture Pages

In addition to transferring existing normal and texture maps, InstaLOD supports the creation of texture maps that are directly or indirectly derived from the source mesh. The following texture pages can be automatically generated by InstaLOD.

Name Field Pixel Format NormalTangentSpace TexturePageNormalTangentSpace 16bpp RGB NormalObjectSpace TexturePageNormalObjectSpace 16bpp RGB MeshID TexturePageMeshID 8bpp RGB VertexColor TexturePageVertexColor 16bpp RGBA AmbientOcclusion TexturePageAmbientOcclusion 8bpp LUMINANCE Thickness TexturePageThickness 16bpp LUMINANCE Displacement TexturePageDisplacement 16bpp LUMINANCE Position TexturePagePosition 16bpp RGB Curvature TexturePageCurvature 16bpp LUMINANCE Transfer TexturePageTransfer 16bpp RGB Opacity TexturePageOpacity 8bpp LUMINANCE BentNormals TexturePageBentNormals 16bpp RGB

Generating AmbientOcclusion, Thickness and BentNormals texture pages can cause a stark increase in processing time when creating high resolution textures due to the computationally intensive algorithms involved in rendering these texture pages.

Baking Vertex Colors

By default, existing vertex colors of the source mesh will be transferred. However, both internally and externally sampled texture pages can be baked into vertex colors instead. When AutoMatchTexturePages is enabled, external texture page names are generated by their type followed by their index ex. Color_0, Color_1. Internal texture pages like Ambient Occlusion are referenced by their name ex. AmbientOcclusion.

Your First Bake with InstaLODCmd

The bake template can be found at Profiles/Bake.json. InstaLOD's baker is highly configurable and supports many features that ensure you get the possible result. Using the bundled bake template profile, we can easily perform a bake in the same way other mesh operations are executed:

InstaLODCmd -profile Profiles/Bake.json -file `Source Mesh File` `Target Mesh File` BakeDemo

When baking, the input filename will be used as source mesh file and the output filename as target mesh file. Baking supports queuing folders using the -folder command and batch files using the -batch command in the exact same manner as every other mesh operation. Output textures will be written to the OutputPathFormat as configured in the Materials section of the bake profile. Besides textures, InstaLODCmd will also generate a output filename_bake.fbx file that contains the target meshes with materials that reference all generated materials.

If you are in a situation where a single file contains both the source and the target mesh or meshes. You can specify the same file for both input and output. However, this requires the bake profile to target meshes by name.

InstaLODCmd -profile Profiles/Bake.json -file Data/SM_Game_MilitaryCrate_1mio.fbx Data/SM_Game_MilitaryCrate_Target.fbx BakeDemo

Baking Cages

InstaLOD's baker supports using baking cages with an entirely different topology than the target mesh. This allows you to insert edge loops to bake beautiful bevels, cut out pieces to perfectly bake decals or build your geometry around specific objects. When using a cage mesh, InstaLOD matches cage and target meshes via the UV-space, therefore it is important that the cage mesh UVs match those of the target mesh.

Ensuring that UVs stay in place when creating the baking cage for your target mesh can be a trivial task. When using Maya simply enable the move-tool setting 'Preserve UV' prior to moving components - or use the 'Multi-Cut' when inserting additional helper edges or edge-guards.

Meshes matching the suffix configured in the field CageMeshSuffix will be used as a cage mesh. There is no limitation on the amount of cage meshes used in a bake.

By default the cage mesh will dictate the origin of the ray that is cast during the bake. This gives artists precise control over the bake and helps to resolve bakes that would otherwise be wrong. However, baking cages become especially helpful once CageMeshNormalsAsRayDirections is enabled. Using the cage mesh's normals as ray directions enables artists to bake beautiful bevels and orthogonal decals onto a fully averaged surface (or bent normals on a surface with face normals). Therefore it is not necessary to insert edges and polygons in the target mesh, that would normally only serve the purpose to force a specific vertex normal orientation.

The following example helps to better illustrate the benefits of using cages. The target mesh cube_low is a simple cube, stretched along one axis. In order to avoid the "puffy surfaces" issue, the normals of the target have been averaged. The source mesh cube_high is the same cube but with smooth bevels and additional details added. The following example bakes the mesh without using a cage:

InstaLODCmd -profile Profiles/Bake.json -file Data/SM_Bake_CageDemo_Source.fbx Data/SM_Bake_CageDemo_NoCage_Target.fbx BakeDemo

The bake will generate the output file Data/SM_Bake_CageDemo_NoCage_Target_bake.fbx with the normal map texture assigned. Upon reviewing the normal map that has been written to the Build/-folder it becomes apparent that the additional details appear distorted. This is typical when using averaged normals, as baking rays are projected along the normals of the mesh.

One of the typical methods of solving this issue is to bake using a target mesh that has additional helper edges inserted. This ensures that the normals are orthogonal on flat surfaces, but bent along the edges for smooth bevels. However, the resulting tangent space normal map cannot directly be used on the final mesh as the topology is different. Another intermediate step is required as an object space normal map needs to be used and converted into a tangent space normal map usable on the final mesh. With InstaLOD, this is not necessary as baking cages can beautifully solve this issue to generate a tangent space normal map that is directly usable.

The following example bakes the mesh using a cage mesh cube_cage for the target mesh cube_low to solve the issue:

InstaLODCmd -profile Profiles/Bake.json -file Data/SM_Bake_CageDemo_Source.fbx Data/SM_Bake_CageDemo_Target.fbx BakeDemo

Advanced Baking

InstaLOD's baker is highly configurable. Please refer to the baking template profile at Profiles/Bake.json to get an overview of all available settings and their meaning.

An excellent way to creating InstaLODCmd baking profiles is by using InstaLOD for Autodesk Maya or InstaLOD for Autodesk 3ds max. Both integrations can export bake profiles by right clicking on the Bake-button and selecting Export as InstaLODCmd Profile....

Mesh Operation Chains

InstaLODCmd supports creating complex operations by chaining together multiple mesh operations. This allows for the creation of unique and highly customized operations that can be used in the same way other profiles are used.

Mesh operation chains function by using the output of one operation as input for the next operation in the chain. In order to use the output of one operation as input for another operation in the same profile set the UsePreviousOutputAsInput field to true. When using mesh operation chains it can be desirable to disable the export of intermediate mesh operations, as only the final mesh operation's output is the intended result. To disable the export for specific mesh operations, simply set the Export field of the mesh operation entry to false.

InstaLOD ships with two template profiles that make use of mesh operation chains. The first example performs visibility based mesh optimization using two chained mesh operations. The profile can be found at Profiles/VisbilityOptimize.json.

InstaLODCmd -profile Profiles/VisbilityOptimize.json -file Data/SM_OC_House.fbx Build/SM_House_VisOptimize.fbx OcclusionCullDemo

The visibility based mesh optimization is described in detail in the dedicated Visibility Based Mesh Optimization chapter.

The second and more complex example can be found at Profiles/ComplexPolyRemesh.json. It performs a custom polygon-based remeshing using four different mesh operations:

Optimize the input mesh to 10%, but discard all mesh attributes. This allows InstaLOD to optimize with the least amount of constraints and therefore it can generate best-mode for the raw geometry.

Perform occlusion culling in automatic interior mode to remove all occluded faces.

UV unwrap the surface and generate tangents.

Bake the input mesh onto the unwrapped mesh.

To execute the profile invoke the following command:

InstaLODCmd -profile Profiles/ComplexPolyRemesh.json -file Data/SM_Zetsuda_130k.fbx Build/SM_Zetsuda_PolyRemesh.fbx ComplexPolyRemeshDemo

Materials

The material configuration in InstaLOD is tied to a profile but common accross all operations that make use of materials or textures. This means that the same configuration can be used in all profiles.

InstaLOD uses Texture Pages to configure output texture specifications like texture dimensions and pixel format. At the same time texture pages are used to determine the input and output type for individual input textures and to which output texture it's contents belong.

Texture page rules have to be established in order for InstaLOD to understand the semantic of an input texture. Texture pages with identical names will be written to a single output texture. Additionally, certain texture types like tangent space normal map or alpha masks can be used by InstaLOD to perform various operations. When InstaLOD is generating output materials, the texture page's type determines to which material channel it is assigned.

The Materials section of a profile contains all settings relevant to the global material system as used by InstaLODCmd.

Field Description OutputPathFormat (string) The output format string for generated texture files. DefaultWidth (int) The default output size for texture pages (internal). DefaultHeight (int) The default output size for texture pages (internal). AutoMatchTexturePages (bool) Enables to use automatic texture page configurations. AutoMatchTexturePagesForceDefaultOutputSize (bool) Enables to use default output size for all textures. TexturePageExportFormat8Bit (string) Output format for 8bit textures (PNG8/PNG8Dithered/PNG16/HDR/EXR16/EXR32). TexturePageExportFormat16Bit (string) Output format for 16bit textures (PNG8/PNG8Dithered/PNG16/HDR/EXR16/EXR32). TexturePageExportFormat32Bit (string) Output format for 32bit textures (PNG8/PNG8Dithered/PNG16/HDR/EXR16/EXR32). TexturePages (array) Array of TexturePage entries.

Example Materials configuration:

"Materials" : { "OutputPathFormat" : "Build/{MESH.NAME}_{TEXTURE.TYPE}_{INDEX}_{RANDOM}", "DefaultWidth" : 2048, "DefaultHeight" : 2048, "AutoMatchTexturePages" : true, "AutoMatchTexturePagesForceDefaultOutputSize" : true, "TexturePageExportFormat8Bit" : "PNG8", "TexturePageExportFormat16Bit" : "PNG16", "TexturePageExportFormat32Bit" : "PNG16", "TexturePages" : [ ] }

All textures generated by InstaLOD will be written to the file path as configured in the field OutputPathFormat. In order to avoid overwriting the same file for each texture InstaLOD built-in script variables can be used to construct a unique filename for each texture. Refer to the chapter Format strings with InstaLOD Script variables for an overview over all available variables. By default, internally generated textures will be created using the size as configured in the fields DefaultWidth and DefaultHeight. Externally loaded textures will use the input texture size as output texture size. However, the output size for both internal and external textures can be manually configured using texture page configurations.

InstaLOD supports high quality texture downsampling and dithering that minimizes banding artefacts when downsampling to lower bit depths. This is especially useful when downsampling InstaLOD's 16bit normal maps for a rendering engine that only supports 8bit texture data. To output 16bit textures as 8bit dithered textures, simply set the field TexturePageExportFormat16Bit to PNG8Dithered.

Automatic Texture Page Configurations

Using custom texture page configurations is an excellent way to setup complex rules that integrate perfectly into custom pipelines. However, InstaLODCmd also supports the automatic creation of rules based on the input file when AutoMatchTexturePages is set to true. InstaLOD will then automatically create texture pages for all materials that are attached to a specific material channel (e.g. Color, Normal, ...). InstaLOD supports using "Layered Textures" for all material channels to handle even the most complex material setups. When using layered textures, InstaLOD will automatically create a texture page with a generated name based on the material channel type followed by the layer index ex. Color_0, Color_1. When loading Stingray-PBS materials, InstaLOD will automatically generate texture pages for each texture assigned to a PBR texture slot. To force a common output size for all output textures when using AutoMatchTexturePages simply set AutoMatchTexturePagesForceDefaultOutputSize to true and the DefaultWidth and DefaultHeight will be used for both internal and external textures.

Automatic texture page configuration is both powerful and flexible and therefore well suited to handle most situations. By default, InstaLOD for Autodesk Maya and InstaLOD for Autodesk 3ds max use automatic texture configurations to handle mesh materials.

Custom Texture Page Configurations

Custom texture page configurations are a great way to make sure that your file naming conventions are fully recognized by InstaLOD. Texture page configurations work by assigning a texture page to input files that match the regular expression of the texture page. Texture pages control the type, the pixel specification and dimensions of the texture and whether it is generated or not. By default, the output dimensions matches the input dimensions and generation is disabled. If no texture page configuration matches a texture's filename, a default texture page configuration will be created.

Custom texture page configurations can also be used to control the output size of internally generated texture pages. However, the pixel specification of internal texture cannot be modified.

Texture page configurations can be prioritized using the Priority field. A configuration with a high priority overwrites a configuration with a lower priority. InstaLOD regular expressions are case-insensitive and based on the ECMAScript derivate.

Example 1: Color maps

The following configuration matches all filenames that contain one of the following strings: _diffuse, _color or _albedo, -diffuse, -color, -albedo. If a texture page matches this rule, it will be exported as 8bpp RGB texture.

{ "MatchRegExFormat" : "(_|-)(diffuse|color|albedo)", "MatchWholeWord" : false, "EnableOutput" : true, "TexturePageName" : "Color", "TexturePageType" : "Color", "TexturePageBitDepth" : 8, "TexturePagePixelType" : "RGB" }

Example 2: Alpha masks

Alpha masks can be used by ray casting operations to allow rays to be cast through a surface. In general, all textures that have an alpha channel can be used as alpha mask. Greyscale textures can only be used as alpha mask if the TexturePageType is set to Opacity. The following configuration matches all filenames that contain the string: _colormask. If a texture page matches this rule it will be used as alpha mask during casting operations and exported as 8bpp RGBA texture.

{ "MatchRegExFormat" : "-colormask.png", "MatchWholeWord" : false, "EnableOutput" : true, "TexturePageName" : "Color", "TexturePageType" : "Color", "UseAsAlphaMask" : true, "TexturePagePixelType" : "RGBA", "TexturePageBitDepth" : 8, "Priority" : 2 }

If the configurations from Example 1 and Example 2 are used in the same profile both rules would apply for a filename that ends with the word '-colormask.png' as it would match Example 1's regex rule of '-color' and Example 2's regex rule of '-colormask.png'. However, due to the higher priority of Example 2 it would override Example 1.

Example 3: Input normal maps

A rule needs to be setup for InstaLOD to use normal maps during operations bake operations. The following configuration matches all filenames that contain the string: _normal.

{ "MatchRegExFormat" : "_normal", "MatchWholeWord" : false, "TexturePageName" : "InputNormalMap", "TexturePageType" : "NormalMapTangentSpace", "EnableOutput" : false }

In most cases EnableOutput should be disabled for input normal maps (default) as the baker will export a properly transformed tangent space normal map if TexturePageNormalTangentSpace has been enabled in the BakeOutput settings of the profile. If the output is not disabled, InstaLOD will export the tangent space untransformed.

Example 4: Customizing internal textures

Texture pages can also be used to configure internally generated textures. The following configuration sets the size of the ambient occlusion map to 1024x1024.

{ "MatchRegExFormat" : "AmbientOcclusion", "MatchWholeWord" : true, "EnableOutput" : true, "TexturePageType" : "AmbientOcclusion", "TexturePageName" : "AmbientOcclusion", "OutputWidth" : 1024, "OutputHeight" : 1024 }

Whether InstaLOD generates an internal texture is not determined by texture page rules, but by modifying the BakeOutput settings of the mesh operation. However, for the size rule to be active, EnableOutput must be set to true.

Rendering Normal Maps

InstaLOD is able to generate tangent space normal maps that are compatible with either OpenGL or DirectX. If normal mapped surface details appear inverted change the value of the TangentSpaceFormat field to either OpenGL or DirectX. Depending on how your renderer draws normal mapped surfaces, it might be necessary to change ComputeBinormalPerFragment to either true or false. If this setting does not match, surfaces can appear slightly perturbed. (Unreal Engine 4: true, Unity: false)

Maya Specific: if color management is enabled, make sure to set the color space of the normal map texture to Raw or severe rendering artifacts will be present when rendering as sRGB. This issue is unrelated to InstaLOD and applies to all versions of Maya that support color management. Textures assigned to the normal map material channels are imported as sRGB instead of Raw. More information can be found at Autodesk Maya: Troubleshoot Normal Mapping.

Format strings with InstaLOD Script variables

Format strings can be formatted using built-in InstaLOD Script variables. The same placeholders can be used when scripting with InstaLOD Script.

Token Description Example {YEAR} The current year. 2017 {MONTH} The current month. 06 {DAY} The current day of the month. 12 {INDEX} The input file index when queuing folders and batch files. 3 {RANDOM} Generates a random integer number. 1315341 {MESH.PATH} The file path of the input file. /Users/InstaLOD/Cmd/ {MESH.FILENAME} The file name of the input file without file extension. SM_Sphere {MESH.NAME} The name of the current mesh in the scene. Sphere_001 {MESH.EXTENSION} The input file extension including separator. .obj {PROFILE.NAME} The profile used for the current task. Default {TEXTURE.PATH} The file path of the texture file. /Users/InstaLOD/Cmd/ {TEXTURE.FILENAME} The file name of the texture file without file extension. T_NormalTangent {TEXTURE.EXTENSION} The texture file extension including separator. .png {TEXTURE.TYPE} The type of the current texture. Normal {MATERIAL.NAME} The name of the current material. M_MetalRust

The availability and contents of built-in variables is context sensitive. Mesh related variables are typically available when referencing meshes (eg. when formatting output paths or name matching). Material and texture related variables are typically available when referencing textures and materials (eg. when formatting output paths or name matching).

Profile settings that contain the word Format denote a format string. Format strings enables the use of built-in variables.

Example: Both OutputPathFormat and MatchMeshByNameSourceRegExFormat are format strings and therefore allow using built-in variables to construct a string that will be evaluated during runtime.

Using OS Environment Variables

Besides supporting InstaLOD Script variable, format strings can also evalute platform specific environment variables. To include an environment variable in a format string, reference the variable by name using the following syntax on all platforms: ${VARIABLE}. Whenever the string is evaluated by InstaLOD, all environment variables will be evaluated as well.

InstaLOD Script

InstaLOD Script (IS) is an interpreted scripting language designed for InstaLOD. It enables developers to easily create complex optimization processes that perfectly integrate existing asset pipelines. Perform web requests, execute shell commands, write files and read user input. There are nearly no limits to what is possible with InstaLOD Script.

Until the technical documentation for InstaLOD Script is available online, we encourage you to take a look at the sample code that ships with InstaLODCmd. Simply open Scripts/Example.is with a text editor of your choice and take a look around. It is fully documented and contains a compact reference and syntax guide. To execute the script example that ships with InstaLODCmd enter the following command:

InstaLODCmd -script Scripts/Example.is

Play around and break things!

Program Arguments

The following arguments can be specified when starting InstaLODCmd. It is necessary that at least one profile is specified and one file or batch operation. If no file or batch is specified, a help will be output to the terminal.

-profile <filename> Loads the profile with the specified filename. NOTE: Profiles must be specified prior to files or batches. -file <input filename> <output filename> <profile name> Queues the specified input file with the specified profile. The optimized file is written to the specified output file path. InstaLOD will select the importer/exporter based on the file extension. -batch <filename> Loads the specified batch file. -folder <search path> <file mask> <output format> <profile name> Searchs the specified folder for files matching the specified file mask. To search in sub directories append two asterix to the path e.g. "/models/**" To avoid overriding the same file, the output format should contain format tokens. -script <filename> Queues the specified InstaLODScript file for execution. NOTE: If script files are executed the job queue must be manually started in the script. -listenScript <filename> Listens for the specified InstaLODScript file. If the file is found, it is executed. Afterwards it will be deleted and a <filename>.tick file is generated. If the file is not found, InstaLODCmd will sleep until the file is available. NOTE: To abort execution InstaLODCmd has to be forced to quit (CTRL+C) -instaOptimize <percentage> Creates a default profile with the specified reduction in percent [0-100] and assigns it too all queues files. WARNING: This setting will override any previously set profile. -threads <count> Specifies the amount of threads available for optimization operations. -fbxversion <2010/2011/2012/2013/2014/2016/2018> Specifies the FBX file format version used for FBX exports. Default: 2013 -authorize <email/username> <license/password> Authorizes this machine for use with InstaLODCmd. NOTE: Please deauthorize your computer before uninstalling to avoid a locked seat. -deauthorize <email/username> <license/password> Deauthorizes this machine. NOTE: Deauthorization takes 24 hours to complete. -machineKey Retrieves the machine specific authorization key. -authorizeKey <key> <filename> <email/username> <license/password> Authorizes the machine with the specified key and writes the licensing file to the specified file. -ingestLicense <filename> Authorizes this machine using the specified license file. -plugins <path> Loads custom FBX SDK file-format plugins from the specified path.

Available import/export file formats

The following file formats can be loaded by InstaLODCmd. InstaLOD will automatically detect the file format based on the file extensions and file header:

FBX (*.fbx)

AutoCAD DXF (*.dxf)

Alias OBJ (*.obj)

3D Studio 3DS (*.3ds) (import only)

Collada DAE (*.dae)

(*.zip)

It is highly recommended to use FBX for both import and export as it is the only file format for 3D data that supports storing important data points such as animations, skeleton, normal, binormals, tangents, smoothing groups as well as embedding of texture data.

Adding custom file format support via plug-ins

InstaLODCmd allows developers to extend the file format import/export capabilities via plug-ins loaded at runtime. Plug-ins can implement both custom readers and writers. To load plug-ins specify the -plugins <path> argument when invoking InstaLODCmd from the command line. More information on customizing file formats with FBX SDK I/O plug-ins is available online.

It is important to build and link your plug-in to the corresponding FBX SDK version used by InstaLODCmd. The current FBX SDK version is output to the console on the 4th line upon launching InstaLODCmd.

Contributing to this document

The InstaLOD documentation efforts are open-sourced and we welcome third-party contributions. Feel free to contribute to our documentation by submitting pull-requests to our documentation repository on GitHub.

Autodesk FBX SDK

This software contains Autodesk® FBX® code developed by Autodesk, Inc. Copyright 2017 Autodesk, Inc. All rights, reserved. Such code is provided “as is” and Autodesk, Inc. disclaims any and all warranties, whether express or implied, including without limitation the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose or non-infringement of third party rights. In no event shall Autodesk, Inc. be liable for any direct, indirect, incidental, special, exemplary, or consequential damages (including, but not limited to, procurement of substitute goods or services; loss of use, data, or profits; or business interruption) however caused and on any theory of liability, whether in contract, strict liability, or tort (including negligence or otherwise) arising in any way out of such code.

Website

Please visit http://www.InstaLOD.io to stay up to date!

Thank you for using InstaLOD.

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