#root guard

Root Guard

Root Guard is a feature that is used during network anomalies for avoiding Layer 2 loops. For preventing the switches at the surrounding of the port from becoming root switches, the Root guard feature will compel the interface to change to a designated port. In a network, this feature will provide a way to enforce the root bridge placement. This feature will not allow the Designation Port to become a Root Port. If the Root Guard features receive a superior BPDU on port, it changes the port into root-inconsistent state (which is a listening state), a trough that the Root Bridge status is maintained.

Other than STP enhancement (enabled on a global basis), Root Guard is enabled on every port (that don’t want Root Bridge) manually. Due to this, it is important to make sure to have a deterministic topology when there is a plan to design and implement STP in the LAN. The switch won’t allow the port to become an STP port after the Root Guard is enabled on that port. If a port enabled with Root Guard receives a better BPDU, other than processing the BPDU the Root Guard disables the port. Is an unauthorized user starts to send BPDU which has a good ID, the STP process will select a new switch to become a root switch, and when the port is disabled the network topology will get protected.    

BPDU Guard

BPDU Guard is also a feature that is used on an access port that is configured with Port Fast. When a port that is enabled with BPDU Guard and received a BPDU from the device that is connected to it, then BPDU will disable the port and also the state of the port will be changed to Err disable state.

This feature can also be globally enabled at Global configuration mode or by interface at Interface configuration mode.

BPUD Filter

BPUD filter is also a feature that is implemented on an access port that is configured to Port Fast. BPUD filter feature not allow you to generate BPUDs on the access port which is configured with the Port Fast.

BPUD filter also can be globally enabled at Global configuration mode or by interface at Interface configuration mode.

When it is configured as a Global level or Interface configuration mode, this feature will act in two different forms. When the BPDU Filter feature is enabled with the Global level, then all ports will be applied with BPDU Filter that is enabled by Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) Port Fast. The Port Fast feature will be disabled when a BPDU is received on that port and that port will become as like an STP port.

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Up in Arms About Root Protection?

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Root Guard is used to prevent the down stream switch from becoming a root switch. 

if the downstream port receives SUPERIOR a BPDU(which willl make a it a Root) then the port will turn into root-inconsistent state.

configuration

#sh spanning-tree

#config interface

(config-if)#spanning-tree guard root

it wont' show error disabled on the interface even though it's violated root guard, but it will still show up and connected

#sh spanning inconsistent

will display the inconsistent ports

#sh spanning vlan1

will show the vlan is in BKN(broken) mode

to fix it.. just to configure the higher priority to the root switch.

The BPDU guard feature is designed to allow network designers to keep the active network topology predictable. BPDU guard is used to protect the switched network from the problems that may be caused by the receipt of BPDUs on ports that should not be receiving them. The receipt of unexpected BPDUs may be accidental or may be part of an unauthorized attempt to add a switch to the network. BPDU guard is best deployed toward user-facing ports to prevent rogue switch network extensions by an attacker.

    The root guard feature of Cisco switches is designed to provide a way to enforce the placement of root bridges in the network. Root guard limits the switch ports out of which the root bridge may be negotiated. If a root-guard-enabled port receives BPDUs that are superior to those that the current root bridge is sending, then that port is moved to a root-inconsistent state, which is effectively equal to an STP listening state, and no data traffic is forwarded across that port.

    Because an administrator can manually set the bridge priority of a switch to zero, root guard may seem unnecessary. However, setting the priority of a switch to zero does not guarantee that switch will be elected as the root bridge because another switch could have a priority of zero and a lower MAC address, and therefore a lower Bridge ID.