#rhizophoraceae

Mangrove ecosystems provide critical ecological services but face increasing threats from anthropogenic activities and climate change. This study presents a comprehensive assessment of mangrove composition, conservation status, distribution, and threats across Tablas Island, Romblon, Philippines. Using transect walk surveys across all nine municipalities, botanical specimens were collected, identified based on morphological characteristics, and banked at the Romblon State University, San Agustin Campus Biological Repository. A total of 29 species from 17 genera and 14 families were documented, representing approximately 88% of Philippine mangrove diversity. Eight species dominated the family Rhizophoraceae, while widespread species, including Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, and R. stylosa, occurred in eight municipalities. Alcantara and Calatrava exhibited the highest species richness (22 species each), while Santa Maria showed limited mangrove presence with only one minor species (Acrostichum speciosum). Conservation status assessment revealed 27 species (93.1%) classified as Least Concern, with Avicennia rumphiana (Vulnerable) and Aegiceras floridum (Near Threatened) requiring priority protection. Six anthropogenic threats were identified: aquaculture (7 municipalities), garbage accumulation (8 municipalities), illegal settlements (7 municipalities), agricultural encroachment (5 municipalities), mangrove cutting (4 municipalities), and infrastructure development (3 municipalities). Ferrol and Looc faced all six threat categories, creating critical conservation challenges. The study establishes Tablas Island as a significant biodiversity reservoir for Philippine mangroves, warranting immediate implementation of municipality-specific conservation strategies, restoration of degraded areas, and integrated coastal zone management to ensure long-term ecosystem sustainability.