#resolthe

Surgical/Mundane Healing: The most similar to real world healing, no magic involved, just sutures and such, seen as the least 'powerful' but most reliable in that you don't need to know magic or have magical reagents to perform it, in recent years some greater strides in it have been made through the introduction of new chemicals and studies of bacteria.  This is used to some degree pretty much everywhere.

"Natural" Healing:  This type of healing relies on redirecting the natural energy present in plants, people and animals to heal.  Since the energy has to 'come' from somewhere, whatever is 'donating' the energy is usually affected negatively.  For example, if the energy to heal someone that had been shot in the stomach was taken from a tree or plant, it'd likely wither, while if it was taken from another person, they would suffer a great deal of pain, become exhausted, and much more vulnerable to illness until they recovered, though since there's nothing physically wrong with the tree or donor human (no bullet hole), they'll recover faster than someone who actually took the injury, and so will the person they donated to.  This type of healing cannot do anything the person's body would not naturally be able to do, so no using this to revive someone who's already dead.

Arcane Healing: The ability to draw on ambient energy, the ether, anduse it to heal others is a bit rare. It is considered distinct from the use of ether tied to plants, animals, and people because the energy comes from the imperceptible magical veil that permeates all of reality.  There are no immediate drawbacks to this method of healing, it can restore limbs, close wounds without scars, and even revive the dead (though it becomes more difficult the greater the injury and longer the target has been dead). But being healed or revived through ambient magic leaves the target less anchored to the world, which can result in personality changes, physical alterations, and other side effects. Sometimes they can even return soulless if proper care is not taken.  

The spiderkin's, (tentatively known as "Kumo") new nation is composed of eleven parts. The Eight Limbs, the Head Courts, the Body Populace, and the Silken Industry.

The Head Courts are the body from which the representatives from each of the government's "limbs" rule the nation and decide on its laws, there is no one ruler and decisions are reached democratically, though bribery, threats, and assassination are common and expected, which is why there is no formal method of resolving a tie in voting.

Each Limb of the government controls a region of the country and operates effectively independently, though some functions, such as taxation are uniform.  The limbs also have independent militaries, though a unified army under the control of the head courts also exists to supplement the smaller private armies and police internal function in case any limb grows out of line.  What is truly terrifying about each limb though is that they all have independent magical research groups, it is the success or failure of these groups to continue providing innovations that most affect the balance of power in the country.

The First Limb: Centipede Handlers

The Second Limb: Flying Wheel Makers

The Third Limb: Face-Cart Makers

The Fourth Limb: Living-Hair Handlers

The Fifth Limb: Living Weapon Forgers

The Sixth Limb: Tigerfish Breeders

The Seventh Limb: Living Wall Builders

The Eighth Limb: War-Beetle Handlers.

I'm thinking at some point there was an invasion from the Djinni states to the south with collaboration from some folks in the "Bone Knives" area to help control trade in the southern half of the continent.

At least one of the city-states in Europa is still run by a dragon openly and one other's run covertly. 

Originally Cetralis used runed armor and enchanted weaponry very sparingly, leaders of regional defenses might sometimes have a suit, and local champions or favored knights might be gifted with a weapon, particularly if leading a major battle, heading off on adventure or going on a dragon harrow. (One does not HUNT dragons without a Dragoon, you get killed that way.)

The advent of the crossbow on battlefields, followed shortly by the development of firearms forced a re-evaluation of the utility of armor, and the kingdom (a queendom at the time) considered the production of guns for its own soldiers up until an enchanter from one of the towns near the warfront brought an alternative to light.

The enchanters shop had been struck by cannonfire during a battle and, upon returning to the ruins found a few plates of metal on a shelf miraculously unharmed by the destruction.  He realized that few runes he had engraved on the plates, which he'd previously thought inert and without any sort of magical benefit or power, had somehow protected the shelf from the cannon. The enchanter reasoned that if these runes were applied to armor soldiers might be able to survive gunfire and preserve 'the honor and dignity of the battlefield'.

The Queen then funded the enchanter's work, allowing him to create armor for a legion of soldiers and a series of tests to perfect the runes effects, notably the expansion of the protective magics to the gaps in the armor and helms.  Following the completion of the armor, the Queen personally led the soldiers, dubbed Juggernaughts due to the imposing size of their armor, to the battlefield. Impervious to gunfire and all but the heaviest cannons, they crushed the enemy forces, driving them from the country.

The redcaps originated with a family of goblins in service to the Raven King of Pendragon. The raven king was a fair ruler who rewarded merit rather than bloodline and was the first to allow goblins into the upper echelons of the kingdoms nobility after many years where the most a goblin could aspire to was life as a merchant lord, comfortable but certainly not prestigious. Sadly, Pendragon was eventually drawn into civil war and during the conflict the Raven King was cut off from the rest of his army during one of its last and most ferocious battles. No reinforcements could reach him due to the strength of enemy lines between the king and the main body of Pendragon's army, and despite a long and valiant defense he fell to his attackers. While the rest of the army was thrown into disarray by the fall of the King a squad of goblin soldiers finally managed to slip past enemy lines by literally leaping and climbing over enemy soldiers.  They slew the ogre that had killed the king, soaked their caps in its blood as trophies, and fought their way back to the main body of Pendragons army with little more than broken iron bars from crushed gates in the area.  The retrieval of the king's body raised morale enough to prevent a complete rout of the army and allowed Pendragon to persevere, earning the goblins a place among the nations national heroes despite the exodus of the greater part of the goblin people following the end of the war.

  In modern times Redcaps eponymous hats are soaked in the blood of the prospective wearer and bestow upon them and only them a unique enchantment suited to their talents and personality.  One of the most notable examples of this is the enchantment belonging to a goblin warpoet named Bogderry which prevents him from dying while he's talking.

Redcaps have two other pieces of equipment which are unique to them, the first are a set of iron boots which greatly enhance their natural agility and jumping ability, allowing them to propel themselves high into the air or to travel large distances very quickly, sometimes even outpacing cavalry.  The iron shoes have hooks and spikes set into them allowing the wearers to keep traction on castle walls, the sides of trees, and even icey mountain terrain.  Due to their inherent weight, Redcaps are not fond of water as they're faced with either drowning or losing their precious equipment, and the soft mud and soil of lakes inhibits their leaping ability.  Though this was once exploited by a goblin commander named Barabos, who had his squad walk along the underside of a lake breathing into bags of air until they reached the enemy stronghold on the other side.

The second item is a large iron spear, roughly seven feet in length (the average goblin is four feet) though it varies with the size of the wielder it is issued to.  The spears are enchanted to enhance their natural sturdiness and have grips on both the upper and lower halves.  These grips are used to help the wielder  keep ahold of the spear as the tip can fire off like a grappling hook and can pull either its target or itself and the wielder back when it retracts.  This has caused the Redcaps favored tactics in combat to revolve around their great mobility. Redcap squads will often leap high into the air and rain down on their targets, while clutching to their spears, only to fire off the spearhead while cloaked in the dust of their meteoric landing, skewer some poor soldier, and leap back into the air carting their impaled body before letting it drop back down among their fellows while the redcaps laugh maniacally and repeat the process until the enemy force is so demoralized and scattered that conventional goblin forces or their allies can defeat them easily.