#replacement effects

In total, you'll create three food tokens and one halfling token.

Both Compleated and Doubling Season's ability are replacement effects and not triggers, so Elesh Norn doesn't affect them at all.

As for the interaction between Compleated and Doubling Season, you get to choose to apply the counter reduction from Compleated before or after the counter doubling from Doubling Season.

(While Compleated might look like a self-replacement effect, which would have to be applied first, it's actually because it modifies how the planeswalker enters the battlefield, not how the spell resolves.)

The short answer is that it's up to your opponent.

When multiple replacement effects want to modify the same event (in this case damage being dealt by a red sou

When multiple replacement effects try to modify the same event, e.g. damage from your Lightning Bolt to your opponent or their creature/planeswalker, and none of those effects take precedence, then the affected player gets to choose which one to apply first.

In this case, the affected player is the opponent being dealt damage, or the opponent who controls the permanent that's being dealt damage. So they get their choice of adding then doubling or vice versa. This means that they'll likely opt to double first since that results in less damage to them or their creature/planeswalker.

When I answered a similar question recently, there were several comments wondering why the effects' controller didn't get to choose. So why does it work this way? A couple of reasons. First, there could be a situation where different players control the effects and disagree on the order in which they should be applied, in which case letting the controller of the effects choose just doesn't work. Additionally, this is how multiple replacement effects are handled for everything in the game and carving out an exception for one case involving less than 50 cards just isn't necessary.

Gond Gate is a bit wild to me, since I'm used to the rule of thumb that "a prohibition is stronger than a permission / can't beats can". 😅

Whenever multiple replacement effects want to modify the same event, e.g. the status of a Gate as it enters the battlefield, then its control (usually) chooses which of those effects to apply first, then chooses from any replacement effects that still apply and so on.

In the case of Gond Gate and something like Circuitous Route resolving, then there are three replacement effects that want to apply to how the gate enters the battlefield. To have it enter untapped, that has to be the last replacement effect to apply to the event since all three can always apply in any order.

Specifically, with Unpredictable Cyclone and Teferi's Ageless Insight on the battlefield, if I cycle a card can I replace draw with draw two and then skip cyclone because now it's not "a cycling ability" but an Ageless Insight ability?

More specifically, with Pir, Imaginative Rascal and Doubling Season on the battlefield and any plansewalker, if I uptick the walker and Pir's ability adds an additional counter does Doubling Season then double those? Now because it's a cost that has been affected by an ability.

Thank you.

The short answer is no, they don't.

No matter what the result after you cycle a card, you've still activated a cycling ability and modifying the result doesn't change the cause.

So, when you activate a standard cycling ability with these two enchantments in play, you'll choose which replacement effect to apply first to the draw:

If you apply Unpredictable Cyclone's effect first, then there's no longer a draw happening and Teferi's Ageless Insight can no longer be applied to the effect.

Just once.