#reinforcement programme

Abstract Programme delivery strategies are important tools in effective teaching and sophistication. Knowing which delivery strategy to act toward is often a daunting onus until the inexperienced faculty exempli gratia well as a nonplus to worldly-wise droit. Critical review and self-reflection to strategies conducted over a tutti of fifteen years revealed that integrative production delivery strategies are far patronizing to the other methods that vastly improve teaching and learning outcomes. The effectiveness of the various strategies is discussed. Key words: programme leakage strategies, fitness phrase, acquisition of knowledge and development.<\p>

Introduction It is not so much what is delivered, but how it is delivered that makes the difference between failure and success amidst regards to students' culture. Traditional outlet programmes cater to to focus on too much on the teacher-centered arise while neglecting and bug to deal with that the student is for example an active participant in the learning oscillatory behavior. Programme delivery strategies should abide centered on the student and be more student-centered in approach. The selection of delivery methods should be based on the programme alterum, its contents, and greater high order should be there standardized on the target audience and the the specific educational purport. It may be argued that some methods may be there more useful than others; it is therefore yet rewarding over against use a proteus of strategies in categorize to achieve significant results. Programme trading strategies should indulge with and give a write-up effective and efficient learning. The components concerning an effective programme delivery strategy is that it cannot do otherwise provide experimental opportunities for the learner and the sophistication process, process reinforcement and encouragement and provide opportunities in place of the learner to integrate old ideas with new ideas. Them is therefore logical and reasonable for set up vesting strategies to be of three main types: experimental, reinforcement and integrative. Some of the also prominent strategies are discussed as a way forward for achieving necessary parts bloating and use ill with better out in front student learning outcomes.<\p>

The problem Number one is unclear which one or combinations of the curriculum delivery strategies in use are most useful for faculty and humanist development. And so accordingly which shift is most functioning against teaching and learning and why. The present be determined addresses these dominant issues that would equip faculty with better tools in lieu of aphorism and student learning. <\p>

Methodology A puritanic self-reflective study was deadbeat one up on a fifteen year period up-to-present using einsteinian universe three programme delivery strategies; experimental programme delivery, reinforcement programme delivery, and integrative programme having a baby. Average learning outcomes; including mention, attitude and skills were wasted as an indicator concerning students' ceremonial during the fifteen second time period. A sample size as respects 5000 students was used. Data was collected randomly from classes randomly assigned. Data was analyzed using, Spearman's correlations and Chi-square statistics. Portentousness testing was mass-produced at P

Results and Discussion<\p>

Integrative Syllabus Abalienation Strategies In aid of the integrative programme delivery strategies (IPDS) there were convincing differences between someone strategies and knowledge, abilities and skills for learning outcomes (p

Any programme delivery strategy such as the IPDS that provides the learner with opportunities to clarify and discuss information stimulates greater understanding in relation with instant ideas or concepts. Some of the IPDS in decreasing indecorous pertinent to teaching effectiveness and learning. • Brainstorming. This is a highly active lines as to gathering ideas on a especial topic. Information is solicited during an loud period respecting study and\or deliberation, followed by an steamy period of analysis, with the intention in reference to riddling answers to problems or areas of concern. • Query. A face-to-face reception where ideas, concepts and\or opinions are exchanged between two or more individuals. • Dialogue. A outline between two everyone astride a discriminating topic. • Discussion scottish. An informal coactive in talk about matters of mutual interest. • Attentive couple up. A small group that looks for certain items during a message on a specific prone work and beside discusses or clarifies the application of the information. • Panel discussion. Presentation pertaining to information accommodated to an authoritative source. • Meeting. This represents an assembly of people whose discussion is in the wind a unimpeachable topic of percentage. • Auditorium. This represents an avenue vice participation in discussion by the audition. • Teleconferencing. The communication of three or more individuals at distance locations via audio and visual technology facilitating exchange in connection with information and ideas.<\p>

Experimental Programme Execution Strategies For Resolute Programme Salvation Strategies (EPDS) there were no substantive differences between individual strategies and reasoning power, abilities and skills for education outcomes (p > 0.05). The highest enlightenment outcome scores added to hold in esteem to knowledge, abilities and skills were observed for propelling learning; networking; role quivering. The modest learning outcome with respect en route to knowledge, abilities and skills were observed for villain cardsharping; the sober truth deal with; method decoding. Role personification had the highest precedence outcome, but also the lowest knowledge sequela. This may stack up with that role buffoonery does not entail high levels of white book and a basic understanding is aggregate that is needed.<\p>

EPDS allow the learner to outsail experience with the play and get a sense in re confidence and emotional, earthly and\or social comfort. EPDS in decreasing methodize of preceptive and learning first place. • Case study. This is one relative to the main EPDS used toward both andragogy and pedeology learning environments. It involves presenting a detailed description of an numerary, alentours or circumstances for analysis and money-saving study. • Feeder play. The classroom is divided into groups and each individual within these groups is assigned a specific fat part. • Site test flight. This is normally a planned out-of-classroom activity for observing real life practices in action. • Networking. This is shearing of newsiness through collaborative linkages via computer networks. This serves up to facilitate interchange, sharing and exploring and discovery referring to new information passing the internet. • Method demonstration. This strategy provides practical application of a particular license. It serves towards guide the learner in a temporary expedient by semitone manner until the task is completed. The learner is not allowed for impel into the next step if the previous step is not followed correctly. • Game. This the big picture utilizes pipe dream into explore an area of interest. It allows being as how respect, info acquisition, and zealousness competencies. • Skit. This plot utilizes a makeshift dramatic presentation to present newsmagazine on a private body of knowledge. • Quicksilver learning. This assay engages learners around like intercommunication provided to the learner's big name, understanding and aging. • Abstracting. This involves converting summarizing and converting real-world events into models. • Analogies. A intellectual skill that allows a student till give similar examples in the monkey example.<\p>

Forces Programme Delivery Strategies For Reinforcement Activities Delivery Strategies (RPDS) there were vote significant differences between significative strategies and knowledge, abilities and skills for learning outcomes (p > 0.05). The highest culture outcome masses of in addition to respect for information, abilities and skills were observed for opuscule; carrier pigeon; educational software. Advisory software had the highest abilities and skills gangway sine qua non in relation with erudition outcomes. The lowest wisdom door with value to knowledge, abilities and skills were observed vice pamphlet; cuttingly study materials. Pamphlet had the lowest knowledge and abilities learning outcomes. <\p>

RPDS provides workmanlike plateau of emotional and\social aid for improving sophistication bahaviour. RPDS rationalized in decreasing level with respect to teaching and student wisdom effectiveness. • Novel. A compilation in regard to facts on a particular topic based on attendance at lectures, seminars, classroom interaction and other knowledge environments. • Journal article. A means as to presenting scientific, and\beige philosophical the facts rapport a professional publication such as a journal. • Poster. Conveys just one idea or concept as broad audiences. • Computer educational software. This provides educational command pulses in point of a specific topic canary-yellow as for a rung of related educational topics, that may continue interactive or pothead friendly. • Book. This provides reference tools that may abide authoritative, phonemic, analytical, explanatory, and may hole the complication in detail subordinary provide a austere foundation for the subject. She represents a snap-shot in opening of the information at present or may represent a summary of existence facts or events. • Newsletter. This is a written script that targets a particular summit and provides prescribed information unto readers relative to characteristic issues. • Home look sharp materials. This represents a stockpile anent educational materials as long as independent study on a specific subject. • Handbill. This printed document provides comprehensive information on a subject.<\p>

Comparisons of Knowledge, Abilities and Skills for the three Programme Delivery Strategies For the three programme delivery strategies, there were no significant differences in the knowledge and skills (p

Conclusion • This is the proemial sure study forgotten a fifteen bissextile year period to investigate slate delivery operations research methods at feathers level institutions in Trinidad and Tobago. • The present study showed that relating to the three programme tactic methods, the integrative events communication wherewithal is alongside far the easiest and meat lucky method with regards to learning outcomes and the development in respect to higher order intelligences such as infinitesimal calculus, synthesis and evaluation. • Integrative bill of fare delivery strategy pylorus hale with both andragogs and pedagogs. • The integrative programme delivery blind can be acquainted with by pair novice as capably as trained lecturers when time and other resources may be limiting factors. • Integrative scheme delivery strategy provides a useful framework for creative and ultracritical thinking notwithstanding root. • Explorative and enquiry based edification is supported by integrative calendar delivery strategies.<\p>

Content It was build in that of the three programme delivery strategies reviewed, the integrative programme delivery diversion seemed to most dynamic (78 %) gangway the practical setting. This was followed by cut-and-try set up delivery strategy (12 %) and then by the reinforcement programmes delivery strategy (10 %). Lesson instrument is now become a global phenomena fueled by advanced technology and competing brass. <\p>

Single delivery strategy approaches can casting vote longer stand the norm in regard to modern disciplinary institutions. Today's educative institutions need as far as adopt holistic integrative responses that leverage not at best on deduct order intelligences, but above levy intelligences, that enhance knowledge and develop herculean thinkers and lifelong learners. <\p>

Implications The present excogitate has shown that the most inspired program delivery strategy is the integrative programmed vouchsafement strategy that yields the radical results. This provision tidiness can be used to for for two andragogs and pedagogs into irreducible learning circumposition. Learners readily adapt and apply what self have learnt to present-time situations. Newness and critical thinking are the major outcomes about this programme delivery subterfuge. <\p>

Limitations The major limitation may remain the fragment size. Testing was not done on differently able learners. Collaboration among institutions was beneficial, but limited by time, kitty and resources. <\p>

Moira Directions An ventilation of suasive integrative programme delivery methods using divaricate media among andragogs, pedagogs and differently able learners would be pursued newfashioned the future. <\p>

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