Caffeine interacts with the sympathetic nervous system, a part of the autonomic nervous system that is responsible for the fight or flight response. The fight or flight response is the body’s immediate reaction to apparent threats and as the phrase suggests, the course of action may be to engage in fisticuffs or dash away. Caffeine stimulates neurons which then increase their firing rates. The pituitary gland releases adrenaline because it detects the change. This is the boost of energy you feel after drinking a cup of coffee.
The caffeine molecule looks like adenosine, a neurochemical responsible for making you sleepy. The neuro-receptors in the brain bind with the caffeine molecules, preventing the effects of drowsiness that would have taken hold, had the caffeine not gotten to the receptors first.
Caffeine increases your metabolism by increasing resting energy expenditure.
Caffeine stimulates an increase of serotonin in the brain-stem regions. Consequently, an increase in the firing rate of spinal motor neurons can be observed. This affects an increase in neuron firing rate of skeletal muscular motor neurons which promotes efficient energy use. This can result in a positive effect on athletic performance.
The increase of cerebral blood flow that caffeine causes results in an improvement of efficiency in alertness, concentration, muscular coordination etc.
Low levels of caffeine improve mood disposition and decrease anxiety.
Withdrawal symptoms: headaches, difficulty in concentration/sleep, stomach and joint pain.
Diuretic – body loses water through urination *it’s suggested you drink an 8 ounce glass for every cup of coffee to offset the dehydrating properties.
Coffee can cause insomnia when taking it too much or too late in the day. Additionally, too much of it will a make you feel jittery and unable to concentrate. Serious feelings of anxiety will be amplified by high doses of caffeine.
Coffee can cause headaches, the acidity can upset your stomach, worsen ulcers, raise blood pressure/cholesterol and increase the risk of heart disease.
Caffeine can be transmitted through placenta in pregnant women. Either a reduction of its consumption to about 1 cup a day or its elimination from diet is recommended for pregnant women. Caffeine is associated with fetal growth restriction.
Acute clinical toxicity may occur after consuming 1 gram of coffee and 5-10 grams can be lethal
Coffee’s positive effects can be experienced in moderation and its negative effects can be felt with its excess.
http://www.brown.edu/Student_Services/Health_Services/Health_Education/nutrition_&_eating_concerns/caffeine.php
http://udel.edu/~danikoll/effects.html