“One reality of deinstitutionalization was that neither the federal government, states, or cities developed enough structures to provide sufficient support for those people who needed it in order to live on their own—even when doing so was far cheaper than institutional living. … The lucky, the privileged, and sometimes those with successful advocate families found support in independent-living centers, community-based mental health centers, or in community-based group homes. The remaining ended up homeless and living on the streets; and even more found themselves in jails and prisons.”
Kim E. Nielsen
A Disability History of the United States











