#psychologicalscience

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This study examines the variations in emotional intelligence and empathy between young and elderly persons, as well as how these traits affect daily life. The tests were applied to a group of 60 subjects, all representing the female gender. Participants belong to the age range between 16 and 80 years. Given the presented, the objectives of the paper are: To ascertain the differences in emotional intelligence and empathy between the two age groups. Only in the instance of emotional intelligence was the theory supported by statistical calculations. When it comes to empathy, there were no statistically significant differences, and the studies found explain why. Our premise is that these traits must be developed by any citizen, regardless of their status (educator, businessmen and leaders) in order to grow and develop the best quality of life.

The objective of this research is to identify the main factors of psychological risk presented by officials who have worked under the modality of teleworking, during the first semester of the Covid-19 pandemic. The methodology developed for this research was created out from a positivist paradigm, a quantitative approach, an exploratory character and with a non-experimental method. The tool applied CoPsoQ -istas21 provides the levels of psychosocial risk in people who work under the teleworking modality, however, it does not determine the origin of the risks, since the scope of the investigation has a sole purpose of diagnosis. According to the results obtained, it can be considered that the main psychosocial risk factors as a consequence of teleworking are the dimensions of the pace of work, quantitative requirements, emotional, double presence, employment insecurities and working conditions. The job positions exposure prevails greater risk in technical positions, while executives present a moderate risk of exposure. Finally, the exposure by sex is greater in women, mainly in the demands of predictability, insecurity about employment and insecurity about working conditions. In conclusion, there is evidence of psychosocial risks factors for health, mainly in the group of psychological demands of work, in addition, the dimensions of greater risk could be influenced by the Covid-19, which has cause insecurity as a result of unemployment worldwide.

Recent developments in technologies are influencing in the companies to implement teleworking, as a way of carrying out their tasks. “More and more people are working remotely as a result of the increasing globalization and advances in information of communication technology”.1 It is so how employees can work remotely worldwide using the technology. The research is a contribution to the occupational psychology, taking the reader on a brief tour on the subject of teleworking and psychosocial factors, carrying out the field study in one of the most important financial institutions in the country. This research takes into consideration other elements, when dealing with life care, elements that are aligned to the transverse axes of the University of La Salle, such as fighting poverty, ecology and care of life, since the research analyzes the psychosocial risk factors, because teleworking within its main objectives is the quality of life of the collaborators, in this case study subjects of the research.

This research was born as an unknown related to the recent application of Virtual Education in educational centers, not only in Costa Rica, but worldwide. All of the above for reasons of public health prevention, given the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This is how it is then tried to investigate whether there are implications in relation to the theoretical proposal of the Theory of Mind (TM) and its relationship with Distance Education (virtuality), as part of a new training model (teaching and learning).

Since at present the role of the psychopedagogue must conform to the reality of educational innovation as an ally to achieve the implementation of dynamic learning of the current student. In this research, which is of a bibliographic nature, matrices were used for the documentary analysis of the arguments used as part of its theoretical framework. The aim of this work is to carry out an in-depth analysis of the implications of the Theory of Mind (TM) in the field of the application of Virtuality in some educational centers of the country, taking into account that said Theory mentions as its main axis the ability to attribute to other versions of one's own desires or intentions, which indicates the ability to understand other individuals and allows us to determine what other people might be thinking or feeling and based on that act or imitation processes.

As mentioned by UNESCO (2020) on the updating and application of technology in training processes, which indicates “… shares knowledge regarding the various ways in which technology can facilitate universal access to education, reduce differences in learning, supporting teacher development, improving the quality and relevance of learning, reinforcing integration and improving the management and administration of education… ” (parr. 3).1 Murillo (2021) in his article for the World Bank of Education indicates that: “… Education was already in crisis before the pandemic, it makes the situation more challenging for those who are in charge of the responsibility of training future generations, especially in a context of uncertainty because there is no certainty as to how long the educational isolation due to COVID-19 will last… ”(parr. 8).

When referring to the issue of child sexual abuse, we are facing a situation of vulnerability for minors, who immediately require an interdisciplinary intervention that guarantees their emotional, physical, and social stability. However, it turns out to be a challenge for professionals in psychology, to be able to discern between a real argument of the alleged victim and a false memory established by external factors in the minor. It should be clarified that this article never tries to question, revictimize or not consider as real the minimum manifestation of sexual abuse by any person. This article highlights the importance of professional expertise when assessing a minor who has revealed alleged abuse. Multiple studies and publications have been carried out that refer to the implantation of false memories or recollections in people. Therefore, a conceptual, methodological, technical, and ethical review of the discrimination of memories by professionals in psychology is necessary

Talking about memories, one must initially be clear about what is known as memory, which can be defined as the psychological process of encoding (shaping), storing (recording) and retrieving (remembering) the various events that occur throughout life whether these are positive or negative for the individual. Within the understanding of the phenomenon of memory we have two important dimensions, short-term memory or working memory, which allows us to retain information long enough to be used; Within the understanding of the phenomenon of memory we have two important dimensions, short-term memory or working memory, which allows us to retain information long enough to be used; and long-term memory, which allows information to be preserved in a lasting way thanks to coding, through this memory aspects such as learning are developed and information is linked with emotional components. Thanks to the work of Tulving,1 three categories are structured in long-term memory, which are still in force: • Episodic, related to a specific time and place. Linked to autobiographical aspects. • Semantics, responsible for general knowledge acquired over time and not linked to any learning process. • Procedural, cannot be consciously inspected. It is linked to motor activities.

Goal: There is considerable significance of academic self-concepts in the educational context and in personal growth and while much research has been devoted to the factors affecting their development, and gender is posited as an important factor. The purpose of this study was to examine the academic self-concepts of Hongkong adolescent high school students. The objectives and research questions were to explore Maths and English Academic self-concepts and happiness, regarding 1. Is gender associated with student’s English and Math’s academic self-concept? 2. Do adolescent boys and girls have different Math and English ASC? 3. Is there any association between academic self-concept and well-being? Method: The study adopted a cross-sectional study design with convenient sampling using phone calls and emails. For data collection, the two scales used were – 1. The Academic Self-Description Questionnaire II (ASDQ-II) to index Maths and English academic self-concept by Marsh in 1990.

  The subjective happiness Scale by designed by Lyubomirsky and Lepper in 1990. Result: A total of 47 student participants, a mix of girls and boys were surveyed. The sample reported an average age of 13 (SD=.351); and most of the respondents are female (61.7%). The study involved one independent variable which is gender (n=47, mean=1.62, std. deviation=.491). The three dependent variables were as follows- English ASC (n=47, mean=33.6, std. deviation=.491), Maths ASC (n=47, mean=33.57, std. deviation=7.1 and happiness self-concept (n=46, mean=19.6, std. deviation=4.62. There were two significant findings -1. Gender is negatively correlated with Maths ASC. 2. Happiness is significantly correlated with English. Conclusion: The findings of this study were revealing that the boys are more likely to report a higher level of Maths academic self-concept, while English academic self-concept is not related to gender. Also, happiness among students is positively correlated with high English Self-Concept. The results supported the notion that gender is correlated with academic self-concept. The study also supported the notions that academic self-concept influences happiness, as English academic self-concept was found to be positively correlated with happiness. The results have been strongly argued to confidently pave way for conclusive direction for future research.

I live in an apartment complex in a busy part of my town. From my second-floor balcony, I can see my neighbors coming and going from their jobs, appointments, and other activities. I don't really know any of my neighbors on a personal level. I live a rather isolated life except for occasional visits from my family. So, my interactions with my neighbors consist of a polite "Hello, how are you?" or "Have a nice day," exchanges. I sometimes wonder how they would react towards me if they knew I have a diagnosed severe mental illness. Most people know that a mental illness involves one's thinking or behavior. However, people may not know that all mental illnesses can be treated with a combination of medication and/or therapy. I take antipsychotic medications and also an antidepressant. Together these medications help me control my schizophrenic symptoms. To look at me, one would think I was physically fit, well groomed, and reasonably healthy. Although my disease is not outwardly detectable, it does greatly affects my life, just as heart disease, respiratory disease, or some other illness might affect someone else. If my neighbors found out that I have schizophrenia, I would want them to know that I am not a danger to them. I would not want them to believe the stigma that comes with schizophrenia. I do not own a gun, and I am not a serial killer. In fact, it is more likely that I would be the victim of a crime rather than the criminal.

If my neighbors found out about my diagnosis of schizophrenia I would do my best to start a dialogue, and let them know that the medications I take control my schizophrenic impulses. I would want them to know that I do have a productive life as a writer and mental health advocate. Words can be powerful, or at least they can be, if used in the right way. I use my words as an advocate to educate people about what it is like to live every day with a brain disease. There is no question about my mental illness that I am afraid to answer, and if I cannot answer I would do my best to find the answer. I volunteer with mental health advocacy groups because connecting with people and sharing my story outweighs any financial gain I might receive from my writing. I have always enjoyed physical exercise. From my balcony I can see some of my neighbors’ playing sports. I love to play basketball, and there is a new basketball court near my apartment. I would want my neighbors to know that I would enjoy being invited to play pick-up basketball or volleyball with them. I also enjoy working out, and there is a great fitness center in my apartment complex. It would be great to have a workout buddy since being active helps me manage my symptoms.

Opium is the dried latex obtained from the opium poppy. Opium addiction is the most prevalent addiction in Iranian society. During the last two decades "congress 60" a nongovernmental organization, has been performed a taper off treatment of opium associated with a package of psychological treatment group classes. While the effectiveness of taper off method in opium addiction has been confirmed, molecular mechanisms of this treatment in addicts are not clarified. BDNF gene is a brain-derived neurotrophic factor which is related to several molecular mechanisms of the brain including memory.

5-HTTPLR is a transporter of serotonin that is related to the decision-making process. In present study mRNA level of BDNF and 5-HTTPLR genes in peripheral blood of 20 non-psychiatric persons and 79 opium addicted individuals before and after six months period of taper off treatment was examined by using Real-Time PCR and confirmed by protein level analysis using Western blotting. In addition, executive functions including memory and decision making were analyzed in all participants. Results showed significant down expression of BDNF and 5-HTTPLR in addict persons vs. non psychiatric persons. Also significantly increase detected in BDNF (p<0.01) and5-HTTPLR (p<0.01) expression level in addicts after six months of therapy period. Similar results with gene expression results revealed in protein level analysis.

Also, significant improvements in memory and decision making were revealed in addicts after therapy and these improvements were correlated with the expression level of BDNF and 5-HTTPLR. Findings revealed the effect of opium abuse and taper off treatment on the expression of BDNF and 5-HTTPLR. In addition, the association of BDNF mRNA level with psychological states of addict's individuals detected. Results of the present study may help to a better understanding of molecular and neuropsychological mechanisms of opium addiction and taper off treatment. Also, present BDNF and 5-HTTPLR as potential markers for screening the effectiveness of different kinds of addiction treatment.