đž Spanish Verbs that Change Meanings in the Perfect and Imperfect đ
In Spanish there are several verbs that exist that have different meanings in the perfective aspect (ex. present perfect or preterite) and in the imperfective aspect (ex. imperfect past or present tense.) This post is going to take a look at 7 of the most common verbs that change meanings in the perfect and imperfect aspect.
Note: This post assumes you have an understanding of the preterite, imperfect, present tense, and present perfect conjugations. If you donât know these tenses, how they are different, and how to conjugate them, this post might be difficult to follow.
The word saber typically means âto knowâ, and in the imperfective aspect it keeps that meaning. Meanwhile, in the perfective aspect the word saber would mean âto find outâ or âto learnâ.
ÂżSabes tĂș que Luis habla francĂ©s? - Did you know Luis speaks French?
ÂżSupiste tĂș que Luis habla francĂ©s? - Did you find out that Luis speaks French?
Ella no sabĂa que su papĂĄ estaba muerto - She didnât know her dad was dead
Ella no ha sabido que su papĂĄ estaba muerto - She didnât find out that her dad was dead
Yo sé esto - I know this
Yo supe esto - I found this out
đž Part II - Conocer đ
The word conocer typically means âto know (a person or place)â or âto be familiar withâ, and in the imperfective aspect it still means that. In the perfective aspect, however, the word conocer comes to mean âto meet (a person)â.
Hace cinco años que lo conocĂ - Itâs been five years since I met him
Hace cinco años que lo conocĂa - Iâve known him for five years
ÂżConoces tĂș MarĂa? - Do you know Maria?
ÂżHas conocido tĂș MarĂa? - Have you met Maria?
No conocemos la maestra - We donât know the teacher
No hemos conocido la maestra - We havenât met the teacher
đž Part III - Poder đ
The word poder in the imperfective aspect means âto be able toâ, whereas in the perfective aspect the word poder means âto manage to.â
Puedo hablar español - I can speak Spanish
Pude hablar español - I managed to speak Spanish
ÂżPuede hacer eso para mĂ? - Can you do that for me?
ÂżHa podido hacer eso para mĂ? - Have you managed to do that for me?
Ella podĂa correr muy rĂĄpido - She used to be able to run very fast
Ella pudo correr muy rĂĄpido - She managed to run very fast
đž Part IV - Estar đ
In the imperfective aspect, the word estar typically means âto beâ, especially with regards to being in a physical or emotional state (ex. sick, happy, sad, excited, etc.) or in a place. In the perfective aspect, the word estar tends to carry a meaning closer to âto becomeâ or âto getâ.
Lo siento, estaba enojada - Sorry, I was angry
Lo siento, estuve enojada - Sorry, I got mad
Estaba enfermo porque comiĂł carne cruda - He was sick because he ate raw meat
Estuvo enfermo porque comiĂł carne cruda - He got/became sick because he ate raw meat
¿Por qué estås triste? - Why are you sad?
¿Por qué has estado triste? - Why have you gotten sad?
In the imperfective aspect, the word tener tends to mean âto haveâ or âto ownâ something. Meanwhile in the perfective aspect, the word tener has a meaning closer to âto getâ or âto recieve.â
Tengo quince dolores - I have fifteen dollars
Tuve quince dolores - I got fifteen dollars
Mi mamĂĄ tenĂa dos perros - My mom used to have two dogs
Mi mamĂĄ ha tenido dos perros - My mom has gotten two dogs
Ella tiene un libro - She has a book
Ella ha tenido un libro - Sheâs recieved a book
đž Part VI - Querer đ
The word querer in the imperfective aspect typically means âto wantâ something, and often it is used in conjunction with verb to express wanting to do something. On the other hand, the word querer in the imperfect aspect tends to mean something closer to âto tryâ.
Quieres comer una arepa, Âżverdad? - You want to eat an arepa, right?
Quisiste comer una arepa, Âżverdad? - You tried to eat an arepa, right?
Nosotras querĂamos comprar una casa - We wanted to buy a house
Nosotras hemos querido comprar una casa - Weâve tried to buy a house
ÂżQuieren venir ustedes? - Do you all want to come?
ÂżQuisieron venir ustedes? - Did you all try to come?
đž Part VII - No Querer đ
The negative form of querer carries a different meaning in the perfective aspect. In the imperfective aspect it simply means âto not wantâ something, however, in the perfective aspect it actually means something closer to âto refuse.â
No querĂamos ir a la fiesta - We didnât want to go to the party
No quisimos ir a la fiesta - We refused to go to the party
No quiero ver esa pelĂcula - I donât want to see that movie
No he querido ver esa pelĂcula - Iâve refused to see that movie
ÂżTodavĂa no quieres ir? - You still donât want to go?
ÂżTodavĂa no quisiste ir? - You still refused to go?
Disclaimer: Iâm not a native speaker of Spanish, just a lover of the language. If there are any mistakes or things you think I missed please let me know so I can correct this post! đ