#preschool development

It is well known that pre-school age is the period of significant importance for psychological development and for preparation of children for learning at school. The process of learning and achievements at school depend on the types of activities selected at pre-school level. Unfortunately, it is often to find out that introduction of writing and reading is among the most common activities in pre-school institutions all over the world. The goal of our article is to share a formative experience of drawing as suitable activity for children development at preschool age. Mexican and Colombian preschool children were included in the study aged between 5 and 6 years. All children belonged to suburban area of the cities state of Tlaxcala (Mexico) and Bogota (Colombia) and assisted to pre-school official level without any kind of previous experience in drawing. The original program for gradual formation of drawing by stages was applied for 8 months daily for 1 hour. The program is based on the conception of the zone of proximal development, introduced by Vigotsky for developmental psychology. The program included different stages with multiple activities directed to analyses of concrete objects and toys and its essential features, denomination, classification, differentiation, comparison of objects, analyses of basic shapes and spatial organization of details. All activities within the program were collective and guided by a teacher, previously trained for this purpose. After that graphic representation of shapes were used with the help of constant external orientation. All children were tested before and after application of the program. Specific tasks were selected from Brief Neuropsychological Assessment [29] for assessment of children. Among the tasks were included: copy of objects with elements of spatial orientation, free drawing, production of drawings by categorical instructions. After program application children from experimental group showed qualitative positive achievements in graphic representations of objects, spatial orientation, number of drawings and of essential features of represented objects. We conclude that drawing is extremely useful activity for psychological development of children and the level of preparation for school learning, especially for writing process. Drawing activity had positive effect for spatial functions and images of objects in visual modality. We suggest that our program might be used in pre-school official institutions with in order to guarantee required level psychological formation of pre-school age. The program might be used even in groups of children in conditions of poor leaving conditions and social deprivation.

Author(s) Details

Yulia Solovieva Faculty of Psychology, Puebla Autonomous University, Mexico

Luis Quintanar Rojas Department of Neuropsychological Diagnosis and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Psychology, Puebla Autonomous University, Mexico.

Read full article: http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/view/62/716/587-1

View Volume: https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/pass/v2

Is Your Child Getting Enough Sleep for School?

Do you know whether your child is getting enough sleep? Or did you know that what seems like hyperactivity to you, including behavioral problems and a lack of attention span, can actually be caused by your child not getting enough sleep?

Getting enough sleep at night is important at any age, but especially when a child is in school during the day. All children vary somewhat, and may not all need…

Adding children into the equation when it comes to writing can be difficult for those of us who are not currently a parent or have experience with children.

"I want to have this one year old character… wait, how do four year olds even act? How do five year olds act? What the heck can they do? CAN THEY EVEN VOCABULARY? I KNOW NOTHING ABOUT CHILDREN!"

Well, lets see if we can find out.

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Preschool Growth & Development (3-5 years old)

Physical Skills - Climbs walls. Walks up and down stairs, alternating feet. Kicks balls. Runs easily. Pedals tricycle. Bends over without falling.

Social Skills - Imitates adults and playmates. Show affection for familiar playmates. Can take turns in games. Understands "mine" and "his/hers".

Cognitive Thinking - Makes mechanical toys work. Matches an object in hand to picture in book. Plays make believe. Sorts objects by shape and color. Completes 3-4 piece puzzles. Understands concept of "two".

A Minute for Kids: Fear of the Dark (Video)

Cognitive Development In Preschool Children

Developmental Milestones: 3-4 years old | 4-5 years old

Emotional Development in Preschoolers

Helping Your Child Learn to Read

How to Share Books with Your Preschooler

Nightmares and Night Terrors in Preschoolers

Talking to Your Young Child About Sex

Your Preschooler's Physical Appearance and Growth

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In Short:

Three

--What to expect: Likes to do things by himself. Can unbutton and unzip the child’s own clothes. Does not know the front from the back or which shoe fits which foot and the child doesn’t care. Favorite expression is “All by myself” but cries easily when the child can’t do it. He wants to help parents do things. Refuses to hold parent’s hand even though the child must. Wants to walk in stores instead of riding in stroller. Develops sudden fears and phobias. Resists taking naps but needs one. Can control bladder and bowel functions, but still has accidents. By 3 and 1/2, child whines all the time. May stammer and stutter when upset or excited. Nose picking, fingernail biting, and tumbsucking reach a peak. Child also learns to spit. Favorite lines are “Don’t look,” “Don’t laugh”, “Don’t talk” which the child uses on parents. Prime time for imaginary friends. --Needs: Patience. Time to grow. Remember, a 3 year old is a baby that looks like a child. Don’t force threes to be bigger than they can be at the moment. An enabling environment.

Four

--What to expect: The "Out of Bounds" 4 is exuberant and rebellious. The child talks well and thinks the child is a big shot. Fours tell outrageous lies and are very stubborn. They talk all the time and mix reality and fantasy. They ask "why" in order to argue. They are bossy and defiant, "I won't". They refuse to nap but will fall asleep at 5:30 and wake up ready to stay up all night. They think up all sorts of ways to avoid getting in bed. At night, they are likely to have bad dreams. They can dress and undress themselves with little assistance. They eat too fast or not at all. They can now wash hands and face and brush teeth without assistance if they have been trained. They run ahead of adults and refuse to hold hands. Fours play feelies with other children and need honest information about bodies and babies. A fussy four needs exercise and then a rest. When excited, the child will need to urinate. When stressed, the child's stomach will hurt.  --Needs: Social opportunities. Small play groups. Props for pretend play. Art materials for creative expression. Tolerance. Parents with a sense of humor.

Five

--What to expect: A five can take charge of bathroom responsibilities, wants to tie shoelaces, can dress with skill, can safely cross streets, needs to help with the family chores, and cannot be left alone. Investigates everything -- including fire. Eats more than ever before. When playing, makes up rules as the child goes along. --Needs: Lots of sleep (no naps). Good food (no junk). Plenty of exercise (limited TV). Attention for good behavior. Training in cooperation.

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Three Years "Goodbye babyhood, hello childhood"

Four Years "Growing self-reliance"

Five Years "Leaving the Nest"

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