#pre-arab

Cruciform shapes in jewelry, or cross-shaped designs, have diverse meanings ranging from deep religious symbolism to cultural and protective amulets. The Latin cross, for example, represents the Christian crucifixion, while variations like the Celtic cross with its circle symbolize eternity. Other designs, such as ancient "Southern Cross" pendants from North Africa or ancient Cycladic figurines with outstretched arms, highlight protective or fertility beliefs.