#pqm

Messung answers all your problems with Class A Power Quality Analyzer. By Janitza the world’s leading energy management technology.

According to Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) standard IEEE 1100, power quality is defined as “the concept of powering and grounding sensitive electronic equipment in a manner suitable for the equipment”.

WHY POWER QUALITY MATTERS

Power quality and supply reliability are extremely important. Our world is increasingly dependent on electronic equipment and controls, and high sensitivity devices and processes are heavily dependent on a clearly defined power quality. Some facilities operate 7 days a week, 24 hours a day, so incur a high cost of downtime.

Secondly, the modern power grid is continuously changing. Urbanization, living standards and advancement in technology have increased the demand for energy. This rising demand is growing the complexities of power grids by increasing requirement for greater reliability, efficiency, security and environmental and energy sustainability concerns.

Many of the electric transmission grids in service around the world were designed and built more than a half century ago. Many are unreliable, have high transmission losses, poor power quality, prone to brownouts and blackouts, supply inadequate electricity, and discourage integration of distributed energy sources.

In order to ensure stable processes and adequate power supply despite the struggling power grids and increasing number of devices which generate grid distortions, steps must be taken to improve the power quality.

Maintaining Power Quality to the level that is required by the application enables safe operation and reduces costly downtime for organisations. It helps eliminate or reduce problems such as power failure, equipment malfunction, overheating, flickering light, energy waste, etc.

POWER QUALITY STANDARDS

Poor power quality affects generators, distributors, and end-users of electric power. There are several standards and guidelines to aid in understanding poor power quality from the end-user's point-of-view. End-users such as commercial and industrial facilities use these standards as power quality metrics.

These metrics are used to assess the impact of their own equipment on the serving distribution grid. They are also used to assess the susceptibility of the end-user's own process, instrumentation and control equipment to both internally and externally generated poor power quality events.

Some important standards include:

EN 50161: Characteristics of the voltage (PQ) in public electricity supply networks.

IEEE 519: Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonics Control in Electrical Power Systems.

IEC/EN 61000-2-4: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC): Ambient conditions; compatibility level for low frequency, conducted interferences in industrial plants.

IEC/EN 61000-4-30: Testing and measurement techniques – Power quality measurement methods.

TYPES OF POWER QUALITY PHENOMENON

Harmonics Harmonics are extra frequencies (multiples of fundamental frequency) that when present in an electrical circuit, distort the AC sine wave.  Harmonics are caused by non-linear electrical loads; loads with rapidly changing energy consumption. They result in inefficient operation; excess heat (skin effect); decreased efficiency and lifespan of equipment. Harmonics can cause overheating in neutral conductors, and circuit breakers can trip.

Measuring harmonics can help to identify the source of harmonics in the electrical system, and Increase operational safety and efficiency.

Sags & Swells Voltage Sag is a decrease in rms voltage less than 0.9 pu for a duration less than 1 min. Voltage Swell is an increase in rms voltage greater than 1.1 pu for a duration less than 1 minute.

This phenomenon is caused by heavy energy loads turning on or off (inside) or network faults (outside), and can result in damage to machines and equipment; loss of use. Even short interruptions can be catastrophic for sensitive applications.

Measuring can help users avoid damage and costly downtime.

Transients Transients are high frequency energy packets which superimpose on fundamental frequency wave and severely affect the high impedance circuit.  

Transients are caused by switching operation (arcing), lightning strike or malfunction. They can cause fast change in voltage, current or load; insulation breakdown; breaker trips and damage to equipment.

Measuring can help avoid costly downtime and damage to equipment.

Unbalance Unbalance refers to deviation in voltage or current waveform from perfect sinusoidal, in terms of magnitude or phase shift is called unbalance in a system. It is caused by asymmetry of loads like single phase loads, phase-to-phase loads or unbalanced three phase loads (e.g. welding equipment).

Unbalance causes reduced efficiency; excess heat and overheating; device failure and damage to equipment; reduced lifespan of equipment.

Measuring can help users increase lifespan, avoid overheating and reduce unwanted downtime.

Flicker When voltage variations cause light density changes in lamps, it can result in visual perceptions referred to as flicker. It is caused by load variations (furnaces, welding machines, generators, VFDs, large motors); wind generators, and can result in visible fluctuations in brightness of a lamp, and even possible health problems.

Measuring helps to find out what equipment within the electrical distribution is causing Flicker, so as to minimise its impact.

Residual Current Monitoring (RCM)

RCM plays an important role in high availability supply systems such as Data Centres and Hospitals. Rapid & direct identification of faults and insulation problems helps to avoid fire risks and increases system availability.

RCM provides extra safety in areas in which no RCDs can be used due to operational reasons.

Preventive maintenance leads to higher productivity &uptime.

POWER QUALITY MONITORING (PQM)

Power Quality Monitoring (PQM) is the process of gathering, analyzing and interpreting raw measurement data into useful information.  PQM is often done to improve system-wide power quality performance and includes:

·         Power Quality metering, monitoring and onsite measurements

·         Temporary and Permanent power quality monitoring to facilitate problem             solutions

·         Documenting and trending system performance to increase system                      reliability

Benefits of Power Quality Monitoring (DIN EN 50160)

The ability to review stored, continuously recorded waveforms helps in the diagnosis of problems before an unwanted event recurs. Power quality analysis can also be used for pre-function testing to look closely at systems and their responses and to simulate transients and other events.

Power quality analytics could pinpoint what the root cause was e.g. an electrical spike, or a floating ground. Thus, PQM offers many benefits. These include:

·         Secure, high-availability power supply

·         Assured quality of the electrical energy through continuous monitoring                  and analysis

·         Avoidance of overload situations

·         Avoidance of production stoppages

·         Maximisation of operating time

·         Ensuring product quality and stable processes

·         Production-related quality assurance by monitoring the local power quality

·         Optimisation of maintenance costs

JANITZA AND POWER QUALITY MONITORING

For efficient power quality monitoring, power measurement and analysing, Messung presents Janitza's UMG 512 PRO - a fixed Class A power quality analyzer in compliance with IEC 61000-4-30 Class A and IEEE 519-2014 standards.

Janitza offers complete solutions for PQM and Energy Management Systems. Janitza's energy measurement technology offers threefold benefits in a single system:

·         Energy management as per ISO 5001 to reduce energy costs and                      improve energy efficiency

·         Power quality monitoring as per EN 50160 to reduce downtime, optimise            maintenance

·         Residual current monitoring to identify insulation faults faster and improve           supply reliability

Janitza offers solutions for every level of monitoring:

1.       Mains Supply (PCC): UMG 512-PRO

2.       Low-voltage main distribution (LVMD): UMG 509-PRO

3.       Sub-distribution: UMG 96-PA

4.       Machine, building, cost centre: UMG 614-PRO

5.       Sub-measurement: UMG 103-CBM

Complete package for PQM as per IEC 61000-4-30

Janitza offers a complete, advanced package of device, software and apps for efficient PQM as per latest industry standards. It includes:

·         Power Quality Analyzer, Class A according to IEC 61000-4-30

·         GridVis visualisation software for energy management systems and for               power quality monitoring

·         Janitza apps – application software with know-how

CONCLUSION

Messung Electrical Engineering is the authorised distributor for Janitza electronics GmbH, world leader in development and manufacture of energy management solutions. Janitza's cutting-edge digital energy meters, universal measurement devices, power quality analyzers, peak demand management systems, RCM devices, etc. have placed them amongst the leading suppliers in this market.

In India, as it becomes mandatory for industries, infrastructure projects, data centres, etc. to install power quality meters and analyzers as per the latest IEEE 519-2014 and IEC 61000-4-30 standards, Janitza’s advanced yet cost-effective technology is increasing in relevance.

Messung Electrical Engineering is the authorised distributor for Janitza electronics GmbH, world leader in development and manufacture of energy management solutions. Janitza's cutting-edge digital energy meters, universal measurement devices, power quality analysers, peak demand management systems, etc. have placed them amongst the leading suppliers in this market.

Amidst growing concerns regarding energy consumption and power quality, and with upcoming legislation from Indian government, Indian industries have to necessarily implement energy management systems  that meet high international standards. Efficient energy management systems are the only way forward.

For efficient power quality monitoring, power measurement and analysing, Messung presents Janitza's UMG 512 PRO - a fixed Class A power quality analyser in compliance with IEC 61000-4-30 Class A and IEEE 519-2014 standards.

But first, let’s understand power quality and its relevant international standards.

A BOUT POWER QUALITY

Power quality refers to a set of electrical boundaries defined by various documented rules designed to allow electrical equipment to function in its intended manner without significant loss of performance or life expectancy. This includes the steady and stable supply of electricity delivered by the grid. In order to achieve this aim, it is necessary to constantly and vigilantly monitor the power conditions within an electrical network. There are a large number of parameters involved in this, but surprisingly, many of these power quality parameters have not been well defined. This is where the IEC 6100-4-30 comes in.

ABOUT IEC 61000-4-30

61000-4-30 is an IEC power quality measurement standard that defines the correct measuring algorithms for power quality instruments. It defines methods for measurement and interpretation of power quality parameters in 50/60 Hz AC power supply systems.

This standard ensures that different PQ instruments use the same definitions, and measurement techniques for various power quality parameters: sags/dips, swells, frequency, harmonics, flicker, etc. By standardizing the measurement methodologies, IEC 61000-4-30 creates the ability to obtain reliable, repeatable and comparable results using any compliant meter.

The IEC 61000-4-30 standard defines the measurement method, accuracy and time aggregation to verity of power quality parameters in 3 performance classes to obtain repeatable and comparable results.

Class A – must to comply to the highest performances and accuracy level to obtain repeatable and comparable results

Class S – accuracy levels are less stringent. Class S Power quality analysers can be used for statistical surveys and contractual application where comparable measurement is not required

1.       Class B – Class B performance is defined to avoid making any existing instrument designs obsolete

PARAMETERS DEFINED IN THE IEC 61000-4-30 STANDARD

·         Power frequency

·         Magnitude of supply voltage

·         Flicker (by reference to IEC 61000-4-15)

·         Supply dips/swells

·         Voltage Interruptions

·         Voltage unbalance

·         Voltage harmonics (by reference to IEC 61000-4-7)

·         Voltage Inter-harmonics (by reference to IEC 61000-4-7)

·         Mains signaling

·         Under- and over-deviation

·         Rapid voltage changes

·         Flicker class F1

·         Magnitude of the current

·         Current unbalance

·         Current harmonics (by reference to IEC 61000-4-7)

·         Current interharmonics (by reference to IEC 61000-4-7)

·         Recording of current along with voltage during events

WHY IS ‘CLASS A’ SO IMPORTANT?

Due to legal reasons, Class A is almost mandatory for power utilities

·         IEC61000-4-30 defines the correct measuring algorithms for power quality monitoring instruments

·         Instruments that meet Class A performance, when connected to the same signals, will produce the same results

·         Class A instruments must meet the highest performance and accuracy requirements in the standard

·         This standard ensures that different PQM instruments use the same definitions, and measurement techniques, for various power quality parameters: sags/dips, swells, frequency, harmonics, flicker, etc.…

 ABOUTIEEE 519-2014

IEEE is the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. IEEE 519-2014 is a document that establishes levels of voltage and current harmonic distortion acceptable to the distribution system based on the input transformer characteristic and the loads on a customer’s facility. Goals for designing electrical systems that contain both linear and non-linear loads are established in this standard. The existed voltage and current waveforms in every part of the system are explained, and the waveform distortion goals for the system designer are established.

Many electrical consultants are including compliance with IEEE 519-2014 in their design specifications to help reduce harmonic problems and avoid penalties that can be imposed by electrical utilities.

The standard is periodically updated as the industry evolves. Since its introduction in 1981, the standard has been updated several times and its latest edition is IEEE 519-2014.

UMG 512 PRO

The Janitza UMG 512-PRO is particularly well suited to the monitoring of power quality in accordance with current standards, e.g. EN 50160, IEEE519 or EN 61000-2-4.

Main features

Class A: Certified to the IEC 61000-4-30 standard, it provides detailed specifications that a mains analyser must meet so that the results can also be consulted in case of disputes. The standard defines the necessary parameters, suitable measurement methods, accuracy and bandwidths. This makes it possible to easily reproduce and compare results.

Power quality: Reliable operation of modern plants and systems always demands a high degree of supply reliability and good power quality. UMG 512 PRO reliably records, analyses and documents all interferences such as harmonics, unbalance, transients, voltage dips, voltage swells, flickers, phase shifts and reactive power.

Residual Current Monitoring (RCM) : Powerful RCM residual current monitoring already detects leakage currents in their initial stages before they cause system failures or even fires. Continuous RCM monitoring increases the system safety and availability significantly.

Measuring devices homepage: The web server for the measuring device provides a wide range of data in a user-friendly format. The user does not have to install any software on their PC; a conventional web browser is all that is required. In addition to the modern homepage, APPs are available for an extended range of functions.

Ethernet-Modbus-Gateway: The Ethernet Modbus gateway can be used to easily include the Modbus RTU devices that are connected to the master device as slaves in an Ethernet architecture. This is also possible via a Modbus RTU interface for devices with identical file formats and matching function codes.

BACnet: As soon as a UMG measuring device has received its BACnet ID and is integrated into the network, the system recognises it and displays it in the browser. This makes configuration very easy.

UMG 512 PRO Applications

• Continuous monitoring of the power quality

• Harmonics analysis with power quality problems

• Checking the internal supply network according to EN 61000-4-7, EN 61000-4-15, IEC 61000-4-30

• Fault analysis in case of problems with the energy supply

• Documentation of the power quality for customers and regulatory authorities

• Ethernet Gateway for subordinate measurement points

• Report generator for power quality standards: EN 50160, IEEE 519, EN61000-2-4, ITIC …

• Report generator for energy consumptions

• Energy Dashboard

• Remote monitoring of critical processes

 Conclusion

Power quality and supply reliability are extremely important. High sensitivity devices and processes are heavily dependent on a clearly defined power quality In order to ensure stable processes and adequate power supply despite the increasing number of devices which generate grid distortions, steps must be taken to improve the power quality.

In India, it is becoming mandatory by law for industries, infrastructure projects, data centres, etc. to install power quality meters and analysers as per the latest  IEEE 519-2014 and IEC 61000-4-30 standards.

Janitza offers a comprehensive range to improve the

power quality

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