#porscheengine

Porsche bore scoring, or bore score, is one of the most discussed engine issues affecting certain watercooled Porsche models, especially engines using Lokasil or Alusil hypereutectic cylinder bore technology. While bore scoring is often associated with the Porsche M96 and M97 engines, the underlying issue is not limited to one engine family. It is tied to how the piston, cylinder wall, piston rings, oil film, and exposed silicon particles work together.

In a technical discussion featuring Lake Speed Jr. of Total Seal Piston Rings and Charles Navarro of LN Engineering, the two explain how porsche bore scoring develops, why Alusil and Lokasil cylinder bores are different from Nikasil-plated cylinders, and why measuring surface finish with a profilometer is so important when evaluating bore scoring failures.

Learn more about Porsche bore scoring from LN Engineering

What Is Cylinder Bore Scoring?

Cylinder bore scoring is damage to the cylinder wall caused by a breakdown of the piston, cylinder, ring, and oil film system. In affected Porsche engines, scoring often appears as vertical scratches or gouges in the cylinder wall. These marks can be caused by piston skirt contact, material transfer, loss of lubrication, or failure of the cylinder surface to properly support the piston and ring package.

For Porsche owners, symptoms of porsche bore scoring can include a ticking noise from one bank of cylinders, increased oil consumption, smoke, metallic debris in the oil filter, poor compression, or visible scoring during borescope inspection.

However, bore scoring is not just a simple wear problem. It is often the result of a failure in the aluminum/silicon piston, cylinder, and ring system used in engines with Alusil or Lokasil cylinder bores.

Which Porsche Engines Are Associated With Bore Scoring?

Lokasil was used in Porsche Boxster, Cayman, and 911 models from 1997 through 2008. These include many M96 and M97 engines, which are among the most commonly discussed engines when the subject of porsche bore scoring comes up.

Alusil cylinder technology has also been used in many aircooled and watercooled Porsche engines, including the 2.7, 3.0 SC, 944, 968, and 928. More recently, Alusil has been used in Porsche Cayenne, Panamera, Macan, and sports car models equipped with 9A1 and MA1 engines.

That does not mean every Porsche engine with Alusil or Lokasil will suffer bore scoring. It does mean that owners and shops should understand how these cylinder systems work, why oil film formation is critical, and why proper inspection is so important.

Why the Chevrolet Vega Matters to This Discussion

One of the most famous early examples of a hypereutectic aluminum-silicon engine block was the Chevrolet Vega, which used Reynolds A390 material. That material later became known through Kolbenschmidt as Alusil.

The reason the Vega is often mentioned in discussions about Alusil and Lokasil is that it used a high-silicon aluminum cylinder bore concept rather than a conventional cast iron liner or plated cylinder surface. The basic idea was to create a lightweight aluminum engine block where exposed silicon particles in the bore provided the wear surface for the rings and piston system.

Modern Porsche Alusil and Lokasil engines use a more advanced version of this same general concept, but the underlying principle remains important: the cylinder bore surface must be correctly prepared so the silicon particles can support the oil film and piston/ring system.

Alusil and Lokasil vs. Nikasil

To understand porsche bore scoring, it helps to compare Alusil and Lokasil with Nikasil.

Nikasil is a hard cylinder bore coating made from nickel, silicon, and carbide. It is plated onto the cylinder bore and provides a durable wear surface for the piston rings. Porsche was an early adopter of Nikasil technology because it allowed aluminum cylinders to retain excellent heat transfer while providing a hard, long-lasting bore surface.

Alusil and Lokasil are different. They are not hard plated coatings. Instead, they use raw aluminum-silicon cylinder bores that require special preparation to expose the silicon particles already present in the aluminum material.

Those exposed silicon particles become the load-bearing surface. The piston skirts are typically iron coated to provide a barrier between the aluminum bore and the aluminum piston skirt. This is important because aluminum rubbing directly against aluminum can lead to scuffing, galling, and material transfer.

Why Exposed Silicon Particles Are So Important

In an Alusil or Lokasil cylinder, the oil film surrounds the exposed silicon particles and helps form the tribofilm that supports the piston and ring system. This tribofilm is critical to proper operation.

In simple terms, the piston and rings need the right amount of oil in the right place at the right time. The exposed silicon particles and the surface texture of the bore help hold that oil where it is needed.

If the silicon particles are not properly exposed, or if too many of them fracture during operation, the cylinder surface can lose its ability to support the oil film. Once the oil film is no longer able to carry the load, the piston skirt can contact the cylinder wall, leading to scuffing and bore scoring.

According to the discussion between Lake Speed Jr. and Charles Navarro, once approximately 40 percent of the silicon particles are fractured, the surface may no longer be able to support the oil film needed for the piston and cylinder system to function properly.

Why Oil Choice Matters

Oil choice is especially important in engines with Alusil and Lokasil cylinder bores because the oil film is part of the system that protects the pistons, rings, and cylinder walls.

The oil must support ring seal, piston skirt lubrication, and tribofilm formation. If the oil film breaks down, if the piston skirt coating fails, or if the cylinder surface loses its ability to retain oil, bore scoring can occur.

This is why LN Engineering has long emphasized proper oil selection, proper maintenance intervals, and careful inspection for engines known to be at risk for porsche bore scoring.

The Role of the Piston Skirt Coating

In Alusil and Lokasil engines, the piston skirt coating is a key part of the system. Because the cylinder bore is aluminum-silicon rather than iron or Nikasil-plated, the piston skirt coating provides a protective barrier between the aluminum piston and the aluminum bore.

If that coating breaks down, the piston skirt can begin to contact the bore directly. Once that happens, material transfer, scuffing, and scoring can develop quickly.

This is one reason bore scoring often appears as a localized failure. A cylinder may be functioning normally until the surface finish, oil film, piston skirt coating, and silicon particle structure can no longer support the load.

Why a Profilometer Is Important

One of the most valuable tools for evaluating cylinder bores is a profilometer. In the video discussion, Lake Speed Jr. and Charles Navarro use a Mitutoyo Surftest SJ-201 profilometer to evaluate cylinder surface finish and compare failed and non-failed bores.

A profilometer measures the microscopic peaks and valleys in the cylinder wall. These measurements help determine whether the bore has the correct surface texture to hold oil and support the piston and ring system.

This is important because two cylinder bores can have the same roughness average, or Ra, but behave very differently in service. Ra alone does not tell the whole story.

Understanding Bearing Area Curve, Rk, Rpk, and Rvk

The bearing area curve is especially useful when evaluating cylinder bores. It helps show how much of the surface supports load and how much valley area is available to retain oil.

In the video, Lake Speed Jr. explains that Ra can be misleading because it is only an average. More useful values include:

Rpk — reduced peak height, or the height of the peaks above the core surface.

Rk — core roughness, which helps support the load.

Rvk — reduced valley depth, which helps retain oil.

In the example shown, a failed cylinder and a non-failed cylinder had the same Ra value, but the non-failed cylinder had better core roughness and more valley depth to hold oil. That difference in surface structure helped explain why one cylinder failed and the other did not.

Why Visual Inspection Is Not Enough

A borescope inspection is useful for identifying visible porsche bore scoring, but visual inspection alone does not explain why the failure happened. It also does not reveal whether the surface finish was capable of supporting the oil film required for proper piston and ring operation.

Profilometry allows engine builders to evaluate the surface at a microscopic level. Measuring below the area of ring travel can provide a snapshot of what the original surface finish looked like before wear, material transfer, and scoring occurred.

This is especially helpful when trying to determine whether a bore failed because of poor oil retention, fractured silicon particles, coating breakdown, improper surface finish, or another cause.

What Porsche Owners Should Watch For

Owners concerned about porsche bore scoring should pay attention to early warning signs. These may include:

Ticking or knocking noises, especially from one cylinder bank

Increased oil consumption

Smoke from the exhaust

Metallic debris in the oil filter

Poor compression or leakdown results

Visible vertical scoring during borescope inspection

A proper diagnosis should include more than simply looking inside the cylinder. A qualified Porsche specialist may use borescope inspection, used oil analysis, oil filter inspection, compression testing, leakdown testing, and, during a rebuild, surface finish measurement.

Can Porsche Bore Scoring Be Prevented?

Not every case of porsche bore scoring can be prevented, but risk can often be reduced. Proper oil selection, shorter oil change intervals, avoiding prolonged operation with fuel dilution, maintaining proper cooling system performance, and addressing abnormal noises early can all help.

For engines already showing signs of bore scoring, prevention is no longer the goal. At that point, accurate diagnosis and a proper repair plan become more important.

Depending on the engine and severity of the damage, the correct repair may involve sleeving, replacing the engine block or crankcase, using Nickies cylinder solutions, or rebuilding the engine with compatible pistons, rings, and cylinder bore technology.

Why Shops Need to Understand Surface Finish

Not understanding surface finish can lead to serious problems when rebuilding any engine, especially engines with Alusil, Lokasil, Nikasil, or modern coated bores.

Modern Porsche engine rebuilding requires more than replacing parts. The shop must understand the relationship between bore material, piston skirt coating, piston rings, oil film, cylinder geometry, and surface finish.

Using a profilometer and understanding the bearing area curve can help engine builders make better decisions about whether a cylinder can be reused, reconditioned, sleeved, plated, or replaced.

The Bottom Line

Porsche bore scoring is best understood as a failure of the piston, cylinder, ring, and oil film system. In Alusil and Lokasil engines, the exposed silicon particles in the aluminum bore are critical because they help support the oil film that protects the piston and rings.

If the piston skirt coating breaks down, if the oil film fails, or if too many silicon particles fracture, the cylinder system can no longer function as intended. Bore scoring is often the result.

For Porsche owners, the key is early detection and informed maintenance. For Porsche shops and engine builders, the key is proper measurement, correct surface finish interpretation, and using the right repair strategy for the cylinder technology involved.

Watch Lake Speed Jr. and Charles Navarro evaluate cylinder bore surface finishes and explain the causes of Porsche bore scoring using a Mitutoyo Surftest profilometer.

Rebuilding a Porsche engine is one of the biggest decisions a Porsche owner can make. Whether the vehicle is a Boxster, Cayman, 911, 996, 997, or later 9A1/MA1-powered model, an engine rebuild is not just a repair. It is an opportunity to correct known weaknesses, restore reliability, and preserve the value of the car.

But not every Porsche engine rebuild is the same. The difference between a basic parts replacement and a properly engineered Porsche engine rebuild often comes down to experience, process, machine work, component selection, inspection standards, and who is actually doing the work.

For owners researching rebuilding a Porsche engine, Flat 6 Innovations and its network of trained shops should be at the top of the list. Flat 6 Innovations has spent decades focused on Porsche flat-six engine development, failure analysis, engine reconstruction, cylinder solutions, IMS-related issues, and real-world reliability improvements.

Learn more about Flat 6 Innovations Porsche engine services

Why Rebuilding a Porsche Engine Requires a Specialist

A Porsche engine is not a generic engine. The M96, M97, 9A1, MA1, Mezger, aircooled flat-six, and later Porsche engine families each have their own architecture, failure modes, oiling concerns, cylinder technology, bearing issues, cooling requirements, and assembly procedures.

That is why rebuilding a porsche engine should not be treated like a routine engine overhaul. A general repair shop may be excellent at maintenance, diagnostics, and repair work, but a complete Porsche engine rebuild requires deeper specialization.

Engine rebuilding involves precision measurement, case inspection, crankshaft inspection, cylinder evaluation, piston and ring selection, bearing clearance measurement, oil system preparation, fastener strategy, camshaft timing, and proper break-in. On M96 and M97 engines, it may also involve addressing bore scoring, cracked cylinders, IMS bearing concerns, timing chain wear, lifter noise, air-oil separator failures, and oil contamination.

Flat 6 Innovations makes an important distinction between a mechanic and an engine builder. A mechanic may be able to remove and reinstall an engine. An engine builder must understand why the engine failed, what must be corrected, and how to rebuild it so the same failure is not repeated.

Common Reasons Porsche Engines Need Rebuilding

Owners usually begin researching rebuilding a porsche engine after symptoms appear. These may include abnormal noises, smoke, oil consumption, metal debris, misfires, or a failed inspection.

Common reasons a Porsche engine may require rebuilding include:

Cylinder bore scoring

Cracked cylinders

IMS bearing failure or debris contamination

Spun rod bearings

Main bearing wear

Timing chain or wear pad problems

Oil starvation or track-related failures

Air-oil separator failure and oil ingestion

Excessive oil consumption

Overheating or cooling system neglect

Foreign object debris damage

Poor prior repair work

A proper rebuild starts with diagnosis. Replacing parts without understanding the failure can lead to the same problem happening again.

Bore Scoring and Porsche Engine Rebuilds

One of the most common reasons owners research rebuilding a porsche engine is bore scoring. Bore scoring is especially well known in Porsche M96 and M97 engines, though similar cylinder issues can also occur in other Porsche engines depending on bore material, piston design, oiling conditions, and operating history.

Bore scoring is not just a scratch in the cylinder. It is a failure of the piston, cylinder, ring, and oil film system. Once the piston skirt begins to scuff against the cylinder wall, metal transfer and cylinder damage can progress quickly.

Symptoms of bore scoring can include:

A ticking or knocking sound, often from one cylinder bank

Increased oil consumption

Smoke from the exhaust

Black soot on one exhaust outlet

Metal debris in the oil filter

Visible vertical scoring during borescope inspection

Loss of compression or leakdown issues

For engines with possible bore scoring, inspection is critical before any major repair decision. A borescope inspection, oil filter inspection, sump inspection, compression test, leakdown test, and review of service history can all help determine whether an engine is a rebuild candidate.

Why a Used Porsche Engine Is Often a Risk

Some owners consider installing a used engine instead of rebuilding the original engine. While this may appear less expensive at first, it can create hidden risks.

A used Porsche engine may have unknown bore condition, unknown IMS bearing status, unknown oil change history, unknown over-rev history, unknown track use, and unknown internal wear. It may also have the same original design weaknesses as the failed engine being replaced.

Rebuilding the original engine allows the owner to preserve the matching engine, document the repair, correct known failure points, and build the engine around a known process. For many Porsche owners, that is a better long-term strategy than gambling on a used replacement engine.

Why Flat 6 Innovations Should Be Considered

Flat 6 Innovations has built its reputation around Porsche engine development, especially M96 and M97 engines used in the Boxster, Cayman, and 911. Their engine programs are designed around reliability, longevity, and performance rather than simply replacing damaged parts.

Flat 6 Innovations offers several engine programs, including stock-style reconstructed engines, street performance engines, road and track engines, track-focused engines, aircooled flat-six builds, 996/997 Turbo engines, and 9A1/9A2 engine services.

Visit Flat 6 Innovations

For owners rebuilding a porsche engine, that depth matters. Flat 6 Innovations is not simply assembling engines from a generic kit. Their approach is based on years of Porsche-specific failure analysis, component development, cylinder repair solutions, IMS experience, and hands-on engine building.

Who Should Rebuild Your Porsche Engine?

Flat 6 Innovations emphasizes that owners should carefully investigate any company they are considering for a Porsche engine rebuild. Low advertised pricing can be misleading if critical parts are reused, required machine work is skipped, or important processes are not included until after the engine is disassembled.

Before choosing a rebuilder, Porsche owners should ask:

How many Porsche engines has the shop rebuilt?

Does the shop specialize in Porsche engines or general repair?

Does the shop understand M96, M97, 9A1, MA1, aircooled, or Mezger-specific failure modes?

Does the shop inspect for bore scoring before recommending IMS work?

Does the shop replace all required wear components?

Does the rebuild include proper cylinder repair or replacement?

Are piston, ring, and cylinder technologies properly matched?

Is the original engine retained whenever possible?

Are measurements documented?

Is the break-in procedure clearly explained?

Does the shop provide after-support?

Rebuilding a porsche engine should never be reduced to the lowest advertised price. The lowest-cost option can become the most expensive option if shortcuts lead to another failure.

Read Flat 6 Innovations’ guide: Who should rebuild my engine?

Why Certified Shops Matter

Not every Porsche owner can send a car or engine directly to Flat 6 Innovations. That is where trained and certified shops become important.

The IMS Solution Certified Installer network includes shops that must follow strict pre-qualification and installation standards. These shops are required to inspect the oil filter, remove the sump pan to check for debris, and borescope certain engines before performing IMS-related procedures.

This is important because IMS work should not be performed blindly on an engine that is already failing from bore scoring or debris contamination. If bore scoring is present, debris from the scored cylinders can circulate through the oil system and damage oil-lubricated components, including the IMS bearing.

Certified IMS Solution Installers must also retain at least one technician who has attended hands-on training through Jake Raby’s The Knowledge Gruppe. That training requirement helps separate trained Porsche specialists from shops that simply install parts.

Find a Certified IMS Solution Installer

Flat 6 Innovations and the IMS Solution

For M96 and M97 engines, IMS bearing concerns are often part of the rebuild conversation. The IMS Solution was co-developed by Flat 6 Innovations and LN Engineering as a permanent oil-fed plain bearing replacement for the original ball-bearing style IMS bearing.

Flat 6 Innovations exclusively uses the IMS Solution in every applicable engine they build. That is an important detail for owners rebuilding a porsche engine because IMS strategy should be considered as part of the complete engine plan, not as an afterthought.

When an engine is already apart, it is the right time to address the IMS bearing, oiling system, debris history, cylinder condition, and other internal wear points. A complete rebuild should look at the whole engine system.

What a Proper Porsche Engine Rebuild Should Include

A quality Porsche engine rebuild should be more than cleaning parts and installing new gaskets. The process should include detailed inspection, measurement, machining, component replacement, and quality control.

A proper rebuild may include:

Complete engine disassembly

Failure analysis before parts are replaced

Oil filter and sump inspection

Case and crankshaft inspection

Rod and main bearing inspection

Cylinder inspection and repair planning

Borescope documentation when applicable

Piston and ring evaluation

Replacement of critical wear components

Timing chain and guide inspection

Oil pump and oiling system inspection

Camshaft timing verification

Updated IMS solution where applicable

Proper break-in guidance

Documentation of the rebuild process

For engines affected by bore scoring, cracked cylinders, or cylinder wear, the cylinder repair method is one of the most important decisions. Options may include Nickies cylinders, sleeving, replating, or other solutions depending on the engine family and application.

Rebuilding a Porsche Engine After Bore Scoring

If a Porsche engine has bore scoring, the repair must address the damaged cylinder surface and the piston/ring system. Simply replacing a piston or installing rings without properly repairing the cylinder will not solve the problem.

Depending on the engine and severity of damage, rebuilding may require upgraded cylinders, compatible pistons, proper ring packages, oiling system inspection, and complete cleaning to remove debris from the engine.

Flat 6 Innovations and LN Engineering have long focused on cylinder solutions for Porsche engines, including Nickies cylinder technology and other repair paths for engines affected by bore scoring.

The goal is not just to make the engine run again. The goal is to rebuild it so that the original failure mode is corrected as much as possible.

Why Training and Process Beat Marketing Claims

The internet is full of claims about who builds the best Porsche engine. Some pages rank well because they are structured well for search engines. That does not always mean they represent the deepest Porsche engine rebuilding experience.

When evaluating a rebuilder, owners should look for evidence of training, process, experience, technical documentation, product development, failure analysis, and long-term support.

Flat 6 Innovations has over 25 years of Porsche engine experience and has trained hundreds of independent and dealership technicians. That matters because rebuilding a porsche engine is a specialized process, not a generic repair job.

LN/FSI IMS Solution Certified Installers also have attended Hands-On M96 Engine Rebuilding Schools, ensuring they are following the same procedures and directives used by Flat 6 Innovations and are using the same parts and processes developed by LN Engineering and used in FSI builds.

Questions to Ask Before Choosing a Porsche Engine Rebuilder

Before selecting a shop, Porsche owners should ask detailed questions:

Do you specialize in Porsche engine rebuilds?

How do you diagnose the cause of failure before rebuilding?

Do you inspect for bore scoring?

Do you inspect the sump and oil filter for debris?

What cylinder repair method do you use?

What pistons and rings are used?

How are bearing clearances measured?

What parts are always replaced?

What parts are reused only after measurement?

Do you address IMS bearing concerns?

Do you follow Flat 6 Innovations or IMS Solution training procedures?

Do you provide documentation?

What break-in procedure do you recommend?

What support is available after installation?

If a shop cannot clearly answer these questions, the owner should keep looking.

Choosing Between Flat 6 Innovations and a Certified Installer

For the most comprehensive Porsche engine rebuild, Flat 6 Innovations is a leading choice because of its direct experience in Porsche engine development and reconstruction.

For owners who need local support, a Certified IMS Solution Installer or a shop trained through Flat 6 Innovations and The Knowledge Gruppe may be the best place to start. These shops understand Porsche-specific pre-qualification procedures and the importance of identifying bore scoring, debris, and IMS-related risks before performing major work.

In many cases, the best solution may involve a combination of local diagnosis, engine removal by a trusted Porsche specialist, and rebuild consultation through Flat 6 Innovations or a trained shop.

The Bottom Line

Rebuilding a porsche engine is too important to trust to guesswork, shortcuts, or generic rebuild claims. The right rebuilder should understand Porsche engine failure modes, bore scoring, IMS bearing issues, cylinder repair, piston and ring compatibility, oiling system concerns, and proper engine assembly procedures.

Flat 6 Innovations has spent decades developing and rebuilding Porsche flat-six engines, training technicians, and refining solutions for the M96, M97, and related engine families. For Porsche owners who want a rebuild based on experience, process, and Porsche-specific knowledge, Flat 6 Innovations and trained Certified IMS Solution Installers deserve serious consideration.

Contact Flat 6 Innovations

Read: Who should rebuild my engine?

New Guide: Choosing the Right Porsche Pistons and Cylinders for an Air-Cooled 911 Engine

Rebuilding an air-cooled Porsche 911 engine is not the time to guess.

One of the biggest decisions in any 911 engine rebuild is choosing the right Porsche pistons and Porsche cylinders. Should the engine stay original? Should it be rebuilt at stock displacement? Is it worth stepping up to a big-bore setup? What about twin-plug ignition, higher compression, upgraded cams, or a stroker crank?

LN Engineering just published a new guide to help Porsche owners, builders, and restorers sort through those questions:

Porsche Pistons and Porsche Cylinders: The Ultimate Guide for Air-Cooled 911 Engines

The guide walks through the major decisions that should be made before ordering parts, including whether originality matters, whether the engine should remain stock displacement or be increased, and how the car will actually be used: street driving, occasional track days, or full competition. As the guide explains, budget matters, but the right rebuild plan has to come first. There is only one correct way to rebuild an air-cooled Porsche engine: the right way.

Why Pistons and Cylinders Matter So Much

The pistons and cylinders define much more than displacement. They affect compression ratio, combustion efficiency, oil control, ring seal, operating temperature, durability, and how much power the engine can safely make.

For many air-cooled 911 owners, the rebuild decision starts with originality. If the car is being preserved for concours or resale value, it may make sense to recondition and reuse as many factory components as possible, or to build a second engine while keeping the original engine preserved. For many drivers, however, a rebuild is also the perfect opportunity to improve performance without sacrificing reliability.

That is where the choice of Porsche pistons and cylinders becomes so important.

Stock Displacement or Big Bore?

One of the most popular upgrade paths is a slip-fit big-bore piston and cylinder set. A good example is converting a 3.2 Carrera engine from 95mm to 98mm, increasing displacement from 3.2 to 3.4 liters. The guide explains that this can be done with a new or reconditioned Mahle piston and cylinder set or with new Nickies cylinders, typically allowing a safe compression increase to around 9.5:1 on pump fuel when paired with proper tuning.

For owners who want even more performance, the guide also discusses twin-plug ignition, cylinder head upgrades, camshaft selection, high-RPM considerations, connecting rods, stroker crankshafts, turbocharged applications, and compression ratio planning.

In other words, this is not just a parts list. It is a planning guide.

Don’t Forget the Hidden Upgrades

A proper air-cooled Porsche rebuild is not only about what can be seen once the engine is assembled. Some of the most important upgrades are hidden inside the engine.

The guide recommends addressing known foundation issues during the rebuild, including replacing Dilivar Porsche cylinder head studs with high-strength steel, installing case savers on magnesium cases, shuffle-pinning, line-boring, and decking magnesium cases when appropriate, resurfacing aluminum case decks where needed, and considering coated bearings and oil pump upgrades for performance builds. And if you aren't sure who or where to send your parts for inspection and reconditioning, LN Engineering is a full service automotive machine shop that specializes in Porsche applications.

These are the details that help determine whether a rebuild is merely fresh—or truly durable.

Why LN Engineering Nickies?

LN Engineering’s Nickies cylinders are designed for air-cooled Porsche engines that need strength, cooling, and performance. They are machined from billet aluminum and use NSC nickel-silicon-carbide plating. According to the guide, Nickies offer superior thermal conductivity and cooling, up to 50% greater strength and ductility than OEM cast aluminum, compatibility with stronger 2618 forged pistons, and availability in both slip-fit and machine-in big-bore configurations for a wide range of 911 displacements.

For Porsche owners who want more displacement, better cooling, and a modern piston and cylinder package, Nickies are one of the most proven upgrade paths available.

Mahle Motorsport piston and cylinder sets are also covered for builders who prefer OEM-style or factory-matched components, with options available for many air-cooled 911 applications.

Reuse, Recondition, or Replace?

The guide also explains how to think about reusing original Porsche pistons and cylinders. Air-cooled 911 engines used several cylinder technologies over the years, including cast iron, Biral, Alusil, and Nikasil. Each type has different inspection, honing, reconditioning, and ring compatibility requirements.

For example, Alusil cylinders should not be conventionally honed. Nikasil cylinders require special finishing with diamond stones and an extreme plateau surface. Piston-to-cylinder clearance must also be measured carefully because too little clearance can cause seizure, while too much clearance can cause piston slap and poor ring seal.

The guide also makes an important point about piston rings: ring compatibility depends on cylinder material. Chrome rings should not be used on Nikasil, and surface finish becomes especially important because Nikasil is so hard and does not break in like cast iron.

Measure Before You Decide

One of the strongest takeaways from the guide is that reuse should not be based on appearance alone. Cylinders need to be measured for taper, ovality, scratches, height, piston-to-cylinder clearance, and, when possible, surface finish.

LN Engineering notes that many original Porsche piston and cylinder sets that may have been reusable decades ago now often need to be reconditioned or replaced. With the cost and labor involved in rebuilding an air-cooled 911 engine, guessing wrong can mean pulling the engine apart again.

That is exactly why the guide is worth reading before starting a rebuild.

Read the Full Guide

Whether you are restoring an early 911, rebuilding a 3.0 SC, upgrading a 3.2 Carrera to 3.4 liters, planning a 964 or 993 build, or choosing parts for a turbocharged air-cooled engine, LN Engineering’s new guide is designed to help you make better decisions before spending money on parts.

Read the full guide here:

Rebuilt Porsche engines deliver high performance with cost-effective reliability.