#politicalgroups

By: Chase J. and Briana A.

King Nadir Shah - mentioned on page 112

                             “My parents’ wedding picture was gone, as was the grainy photograph of my grandfather and King Nader Shah standing over a dead dear.”

  Bibliography: Nadir Shah was the king of Afghanistan from 1929 until he was assassinated in 1933. Before seizing the throne, Nadir played a major role in the third Anglo-Afghan War (1919). Nadir left Afghanistan to live in exile in France.  Nadir’s son Zahir Shah followed his father in reign of the country.

    http://www.royalark.net/Afghanistan/barak-Nadir%20Shah.jpg

Shorawi - mentioned on page 111

            “Karim was a people smuggler it was a pretty lucrative business then, driving people out of Shorawi-occupied Kabul to the relative safety of Pakistan.”

  Background: Shorawi was the Farsi term for the Soviets.  The Soviets invaded Afghanistan in 1979 during the cold war.  The war was supporting the Marxist-Leninist government of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan against the Afghan Mujahideen guerrilla movement.  The Soviet troops started withdrawal on May 15, 1988 and ended withdrawal on February 15, 1989. 

   http://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/bsp/hi/dhtml_slides/09/afghan_invasion_1979/img/slide2.gif

Zahir Shah-Mentioned on page 36

                    “Kabul awoke the next morning to find that the monarchy was a thing of the past. The king, Zahir Shah, was away in Italy. In his absence, his cousin Daoud Khan had ended the king’s forty-year reign with a bloodless coup.”

Bibliography: Zahir Shah was 19 at the time of his attainment of power, which was very young to control a country. During this time, Prime Minister Daoud controlled the armed forces for decades. In the 1960s, when fights with Pakistan over the rights of the Pashtun tribes led to border closing, it became clear who had the power. Zahir Shah had asked Prime Minister Daoud to step down. Later in Zahir Shahs reign when he was on a trip to Europe, Daoud seized the control over Zahir Shahs government.

 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=Zahir+Shah&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&sa=N&rls=en&tbm=isch&tbnid=EjJK0e4AI4CUYM:&imgrefurl=http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/gallery/2007/jul/23/internationalnews.afghanistan&docid=gnjs-2h1pBGj5M&imgurl=http://static.guim.co.uk/Guardian/news/gallery/2007/jul/23/internationalnews.afghanistan/GD4111478%2540-FILE--Mohammad-Zahir-5897.jpg&w=345&h=450&ei=dYxvT4DiFfC20AG47JXLBg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=300&vpy=125&dur=1516&hovh=256&hovw=197&tx=74&ty=147&sig=110123606963695427137&page=1&tbnh=148&tbnw=115&start=0&ndsp=21&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0&biw=1254&bih=648

Daoud Khan-Mentioned on page 36

                      “Kabul awoke the next morning to find that the monarchy was a thing of the past. The king, Zahir Shah, was away in Italy. In his absence, his cousin Daoud Khan had ended the king’s forty-year reign with a bloodless coup.”

Bibliography: Daoud Khan had overthrown his cousin King Zahir and abolished the monarchy in Afghanistan. He then declared himself the president of the Republic of Afghanistan in July 1973. He was a strong supporter and worked towards reform and modernization. Daoud also encouraged the removal of the veil by Afghan women.