It fell to modern liberalism to give the fullest, and perhaps the crudest expression of this line of thought: 'the principle on which public institutions ought to be formed,' Bentham declared, is that an office-holder can be expected to subordinate office to personal advantage. Yet this presents no cause for alarm, at least not to the innocent, because when the principle 'is applied to all men universally, it is injurious to none.' What is significant is the implicit assumption that a political office is itself an 'interest' exactly on the same level as any other kind of interest. 'It is only by the magnitude of the scale that public trusts differ from private trusts.' Apparently the suggestion is no longer seriously entertained that there is a peculiar dignity or status to public office which exacts an obligation transcending the personal interest of the occupant. The epitaph to the majesty of the political was supplied by Bentham:
'It is to the interest of the public that the portion of respect which, along with the salary, is habitually attached to any office should be as small as possible.'