#networkandsecurity

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With cryptography, codes are generated and created, which ensures the security of the information. Data is converted into a format that is unreadable by an unauthorized user. Unauthorized entities cannot decode it to a readable format, thus the security of data transfer is maintained. Network and security use cryptography at various levels. The information can be read only if one knows the key to decrypt the encrypted information. The integrity of the information is maintained at every level and while the information is being stored. One of the major aspects of cryptography is non-repudiation. Non-repudiation helps in verifying the sender and also the delivery of the message. Some of the major concerns of cryptography should be noted. Confidentiality is the information that is being transmitted over the network cannot be read by anyone as it is encoded, only the person who is entitled to read the information can decode it and read it. Integrity happens when information sent over the network cannot be altered or changed by anyone. The content of the information stays intact, and authentication is that both the sender and the receiver can authenticate his/her identity respectively when sending/receiving the information.

  Let us now throw some light on the major techniques used in general in cryptography: Symmetric key cryptography- In this technique of cryptography, both the sender and receiver, share a single key. This key is used by sender to encrypt the plain text into cipher text. The receiver, upon receiving the encrypted information, converts the cipher text into plain text using the same key.

2. Public key cryptography- Two keys, one public key and another private key, are used in this technique. Public key can be easily accessible, but the private key remains secret. The public key is used to encrypt the data, while the private key is used to decrypt it.

3. Hash functions- This technique does not use any key. A fixed-length hash value is computed according to the length of the plain text, which makes the plain text secured. This technique is used to recover the password by many operating systems.