#negations

Absolument pas - absolutely not

Certainement pas - certainly not

Du tout/pas du tout - not at all

Mais pas du tout ! - but not at all/of course not

Pas absolument - not absolutely/exactly

Pas à ce point - not to that extent

Pas aujourd’hui - not today

Pas autant - not that much/so much

Pas ça - not that

Pas celui/celle-là - not that one (m, f)

Pas ceux/celles-là - not these ones (m, f)

Pas comme ça - not like that

Pas complètement - not completely

Pas du tout - not at all

Pas du tout, au contraire - not at all, on the contrary

Pas du tout le cas - not at all the case

Pas encore - not yet

Pas entièrement - not entirely

Pas exactement - not exactly

Pas forcément - not necessarily

Pas le moins du monde - not in the least

Pas maintenant - not now

Pas moi - not me

Pas nécessairement - not necessarily

Pas question - no way/out of the question

Pas si vite - not so fast

Pas tellement - not particularly/not so much

Pas tout à fait - not quite

Pas tout à fait cela - not quite that

Pas trop - not too much/not really

Pas vrai - not true

Pas vraiment - not really

Plutôt pas - rather not

Pourquoi pas ? - why not?

Probablement pas - probably not

Sans doute pas - probably not

Surtout pas  ! - absolutely not!

Vraiment pas - really/truly not

so i had the idea that nietczche takes affirmation too far, to where he is trying (to his detriment) to affirm suffering and tragedy

meanwhile hegel takes negation too far, to where there is no room for building anything or any kind of multicausal or affirmative thinking despite the great value of negation

so of course what we need is a way of thinking which allows for BOTH negation AND affirmation

importantly, we can apply actual mathematics and algebra here

two negatives makes a positive

two negations gives us an affirmation

not only can we negate negations, affirm negations, negate affirmations, and affirm affirmations, but these types of actions actually follow the rules of algebra!!!!!

which means we are back on solid ground

the truth is this ground is more solid than it was last i stood on it. what a relief!

it reinforces mathematics as it already is

we can double down on math philosophically, but this theory of affirmation and negation also applies musically!!!!

and in terms of emotional arcs in fiction

through spinoza we can categorize negative emotions as evil, depression, wretchedness, pain, suffering, tragedy, anxiety, so forth

and we can have joy, love, truth, life, knowledge, happiness as affirmations among all the other good emotions

and we can correspond these emotions in our system, which means we can apply this theory mathematically, scientifically

we can be VERY precise here

i am going to write this up over the next week with diagrams and charts blah blah and maybe write a very nice paper about it

How To Make Negative Sentences

못 & -지 못하다 vs ㄹ 수 없다 | 안 vs -지 않다

WHAT ARE NEGATIONS?

What you’ll learn in this post is called negating. Basically, making a sentence negative. There are a ton of ways to do it and today, you’ll see the most basic and common ways. Examples of this in English are: Not, Can’t, & Don’t

Today We’ll Go Over:

~ 아니다 (opposite of 이다) = to not be

~없다 (opposite of 있다) = not exist, not have

~안 & 지 않다 = not, don’t + their difference

~ 못 & 지 못하다 = can’t do

~(으)ㄹ 수 없다 (opposite of ㄹ 수 있다)

= can’t & differences to grammar above

~ 지 마세요 (opposite of 세요) = don’t do it

I suggest you learn the counterparts/opposites first to make this lesson easier to understand and more useful.

아니다 - to not be

usage: the most basic way to identify that people and objects are not something.

Form: [Noun]이/가 아니다

conjugation forms:

아닙니다 (formal)

아니에요 (polite)

아니야 (informal)

아니였어요 (past - polite)

Examples:

이것은 내 것이 아니다

This is not mine.

진이 학생이 아닙니다.

Jin is not a student.

그날 당신이 본 사람은 제가 아니고 제 여동생입니다.

I wasn't the one you saw that day. It was my little sister

없다 - to not have, to not exist

usage: this can be translated a few ways, and thr most common ways are “there isn’t” & “to not have”.

Form: [Noun]이/가 없다/있다

재미있다(be fun) -> 재미없다 (not fun)

맛있다(delicious) -> 맛없다(not delicious)

Examples:

한국 친구가 없어요.

I don’t have a Korean friend. (to not have a friend)

저는 지금 집에 없어요.

I’m not at home now (to not be at home)

제 방에 티비가 없어요.

There isn’t a tv in my room. (to not exist or to not be)

안 V + 지 않다 - not, don’t

usage: these 2 mean the same things and are used interchangeably most of the time. although 지 않다 can seem a bit more formal. It’s translated as not or don’t.

the short form is 안 + verb/adjective

the longer form is verb/adjective + 지 않다

Examples:

저는 학교에 안 가요.

저는 학교에 가지 않아요.

I do not go to school.

When using the longer form, you should only conjugate the end -지 않다.

NOTE:

You shouldn't say 저는 집에 안 있어요 though, you would just use 없다 here.

If a verb is ‘noun+하다‘ such as 공부하다/일하다/숙제하다/운동하다/수영하다, the negation ‘안’ occurs between the noun and 하다.

Examples:

공부 안 하다 - don’t study

운동 안 하다 - don’t exercise

숙제 안 하다 - don’t do homework

못 V + 지 못하다 - can’t do

usage: 못 is also a negation adverb like 안, but it is usually used for verbs because it means ‘cannot’. And like 안 it goes right before the verb.

Examples:

학교에 못 가요.

I can’t go to school.

집에 텔레비전이 없어요. 그래서 그 프로그램을 못 봐요. I don’t have a TV at home, so I can’t watch that program.

지 못하다 is a long form for 못. 못 is used in front of verbs while -지 못하다 is used at the end of verbs. And -지 못하다 is a little bit formal than 못.

Example:

학교에 가지 못해요.

I can’t go to school.

시간이 없었어요. 그래서 숙제를 끝내지 못했어요.

I didn’t have time. So I couldn’t finish my homework.

Because 못 means ‘cannot’, it can be switched with ‘-(으)ㄹ 수 없다.

ㄹ 수 없다 - can’t

usage: 으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다 has two meanings, which are ‘ability’ and ‘possibility’. It can be translated ‘can/can not’ in English.

못 vs ㄹ 수 없다:

ㄹ 수 없다 gives more of a feeling that you physically cannot do something, but 못 is just that you can’t do something (for whatever reason). Largely they are interchangeable, so don’t worry too much,

Example:

그 사람은 한국어를 말할 수 없어요.

That person can’t speak Korean. (They literally do not have the ability to speak Korean)

돈이 없어서 살 수 없어요.

I don’t have money, so I can’t buy it. (I physically don’t have money, so I am unable to buy something)

-지 마세요 - Don’t do

Usage: Used to give a negative command. This can be translated as “don’t do” in English

You can’t use 지 않다 or 안 if you want to tell someone NOT to do something. This grammar is used for making commands only. For informal form, remove 세요.

Example:

학교에 가지 마세요.

Please don’t go to school.

너무 많이 먹지 마!

Don’t eat too much!

They don’t have an emphatic no (at least not as far as I’m aware), nor a general way of saying “no” as a single-word reply to a question.

Middle Egyptian uses various means of negation. And when I say “various” I mean they have an incredible lot of ways to negate things. Most grammatical constructions have their own specific way/form of negating them, for example the imperative (see below). 

A verb is negated in one of three ways:

With negative particles n or nn

With the particle/construction n-sp

With one of the negative verbs tm or imi

hieroglyphic spellings for prosperity

WIthin these main negations there are variations. The imperative for example is negated by m, which itself is the imperative of the negative verb tm. So you’ll get a phrase such as:

The verb form nominal sDm=f, to use an other example, can be negated by the use of tm. But! since the nominal sDm=f is used in different constructions, the negation can differ somewhat between those, as well.

As an aside, I low-key hate negation (unless it’s negation of relative forms, that shit is whack and I’m up for whack). I’m sure you have an inkling as to why.

Back to the nominal sDm=f, in a negation of the emphatic construction the negative verb tm is the nominal sDm=f. The other verb in the sentence is the negative complement. You’ll get this:

tm=k here means as much as “you not”. sDm(.w) is the negative complement form of the verb sDm, “to listen”. This concept is the same for a nominal sDm=f construction in which this verb form is used as a noun.

However, when the nominal sDm=f is used as the predicate in a pw-sentence (a noun or independent pronoun followed by pw, which means as much as “It/he/she/this/etc. is” - so it=k pw, “he is your father”), tm is generally used without a suffix pronoun (“=k” is a suffix pronoun). Here’s a nice example from one of my precious medical papyri:

Now n-sp might actually be closest to a “no” Middle Egyptian has, because we translate it as “never”. But at the same time it’s not, because it cannot be used on its own, it has to negate a verb. n-sp is mostly used in negative confessions like “never did I do anyone harm” (I’m sorry, I’m not going to give you the hieroglyphs for this one because I’m kind of over JSesh and grammar right now). 

Negative confessions are found in all sorts of texts to a) get the point across that the guy the text (usually a tomb biography) is talking about was a really swell guy and b) (in later times) to make sure his heart wouldn’t end up heavier than the feather of Ma’at when it was time to weigh it. Egyptians believed that even if you had done someone harm in life, writing down a negative confession would in a sense overrule that. 

Okay, I need to stop talking about negation because it’s half twelve and it’s a work day tomorrow and also negations fucking suck.

I don’t like cheese - Je n’aime pas le fromage

I don’t like cheese anymore - Je n’aime plus le fromage

I’ve never liked cheese - Je n’ai jamais aimé le fromage

I don't like cheese yet - Je n'aime pas encore le fromage

I still don't like cheese - Je n'aime toujours pas le fromage

I don't always like cheese - Je n'aime pas toujours le fromage

I don't like cheese that much - Je n'aime pas tant que ça le fromage

I don't necessarily like cheese - Je n'aime pas forcément le fromage

(I only like cheese) - Je n’aime que le fromage

I will never like cheese again - Je n'aimerais plus jamais le fromage

I don’t like cheese nor bread - Je n’aime ni le fromage ni le pain

None of my friends like cheese - Aucun de mes amis n’aime le fromage

I like no one - Je n’aime personne

I like nothing - Je n’aime rien

I never like anything - Je n'aime jamais rien

I no longer like anything - Je n'aime plus rien

He is nowhere - Il n’est nulle part 

There’s nothing to do - Il n’y a rien à faire 

I don’t see anyone - Je ne vois personne

I can't see him - Je n'arrive pas à le voir** 

I see no solution - Je ne vois aucune solution

I never do anything - Je ne fais jamais rien

Don’t go! - Ne pars* pas / Ne partez pas 

Don’t go there! - N’y va pas

*We use Partir rather than Aller which is a transitive verb i.e. requires an object (I'm leaving is an acceptable sentence but I'm going is considered unfinished).

**We don't use Pouvoir (to be able to) as it would refer to one's physical ability to see. My eyes are functional, I just can't spot people.

Learn more about "Ne".

Hi,

It's "ni lire ni écrire" (ni counts as the second negation, no need for ne) for the first one; "elle ne fume pas (et) elle ne boit pas" for the second as ni is typically for infinitives!