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QUIZ ON VACCINE Que 1. Vaccine is prepared by      a. weakened microorganism              b. toxins         c. Surface protein                           d. all of the above Que 2. The term vaccine and vaccination are coined by-          a. Edward jenner                             b. Louis Pasture          c. Robert Koch                                    d. Alexander Fleming Que 3.…

By: N. Shreya Mohan (MSIWM042) Plant hormone, also known as phytohormones are signal mediated molecules produced by plants commonly controlling plant growth aspects such as defense mechanisms, stress tolerance, metabolism, reproduction and size. Hormones are elated within the plant by utilizing four types of movements. For localized movement, cytoplasmic streams within cells where delayed…

                     By: N. Shreya Mohan (MSIWM042) Stem cells are a group of undifferentiated cells that will differentiate into various types cells and proliferate indefinitely. They originate from cell lineages. They exact opposite to the progenitor cells, which does not proliferate indefinitely. In mammal, typically about 50-150 cells combine to form the inner cell mass (ICM) during the…

BY: SHAILY SHARMA (MSIWM041) Chromatography is a technique which is widely used for the separation of mixtures based on the physio-chemical differences between the stationary and the mobile phase of the chromatographic apparatus. The sample to be separated is dissolved in the mobile phase, which passes over the stationary phase (the immobile/fixed surface) and carries out the process of…

BY: SHAILY SHAMA (MSIWM041) HISTORY: Throughout the course of modern human history, the source some viral infections such as smallpox, polio, and the Spanish flu have been quite unknown to humans. They have been diseases which have had deadly effects on humanity. All that was known about these diseases was that they spread via person-to-person contact. In the second half of the1800’s, Louis…

Pathogen profile of Klebsiella pneumoniae:

BY: SHAILY SHARMA (MSIWM041) Klebsiella pneumoniae is the pathogen that causes pneumonia and septicemia (blood infections) which is usually found in the normal flora of the mouth skin and the intestines. It may also cause meningitis and bacteremia. Normally when they occur in the intestines, the organism is harmless. However, the spreading of the organism to other parts pf the body and under…

BY: Ezhuthachan Mithu Mohanan (MIWM043) DNA within mitochondria was first detected in 1963. Human mitochondria represent the mammalian mtDNA. Human mtDNA is 16,569 bp, double stranded and circular. It codes for 13 polypeptides, belonging to OXPHOS family. mtDNA also codes for 22 tRNA,2 rRNA. It also has control noncoding regions. Various nuclear coded factors also known as precursor polypeptides…

BY: SHAILY SHARMA (MSIWM041) Chromatography, broadly, is a technique to separate two phases which are mutually immiscible. The phases are brought in contact with each other and one of these phases is stationary while the other phase is a mobile phase which moves over the surface of the stationary phase or percolates it. The interactions of the sample mixture which are established after the…