#media query

In lecture 7 we looked at Responsive Web Design and media queries, since then I have done a good bit of my own research into media queries to understand how they work better. This is an article that I came across by CSS Tricks that I found to be very helpful on this topic. 

From reading this article I learned that media queries can be used to modify not only the appearance of a website or an app but also their behaviour too. These changes are made based off of a matched set of conditions from the user’s device, their browser or their system settings. 

One of the most popular types of media query used around the world today are ones that target particular viewport ranges and that apply custom styles. 

There are many other elements that can be targeted besides the viewport width such as the screen resolution, device orientation and operating system preferences and so on. 

Media queries are primarily associated with CSS but they can also be used in HTML and JavaScript as well. 

See below the anatomy of a Media Query: 

The min and max values: 

Media features such as width, height, color and color-index can be prefixed with min- or max- to define minimum and maximum constraints. A web developer can create a range of value to match with instead of declaring specific values. 

The article goes on to further discuss media query features centred around accessibility, the prefers-contrast feature, inverted-colors, prefers-color-scheme and container queries. 

The URL Link To This Website: 

Responsive Web Design - What is it?

Responsive Web design is a concept where web/app design should adapt to the user's actions and context, taking into account screen size, platform, and orientation. The use of HTML and CSS to automatically resize, hide, shrink, or enlarge a website to make it look good on all devices. When the user switches from a laptop to an iPad to a phone etc., the website should adapt to the new device's resolution, image size, and scripting capabilities.

Becoming flexible: We can now make our designs it more adaptable. Images can be changed automatically, and we have workarounds in place to ensure that formats never break (although they may become squished and illegible in the process).

Adaptive Design vs. Responsive Design Responsive design differs from adaptive design in that responsive design adapts the rendering of a single page version. Adaptive design, on the other hand, creates several entirely different versions of the same website.

Responsive design - Users can access the same basic file through their browser regardless of platform, but CSS code will monitor the layout and change it depending on screen size.

Adaptive design - there is a script present that checks for the screen size, and then accesses the template designed for that device.

The chart above shows how the use of mobile to access the web has increased. Mobile web traffic has overtaken desktop and now  accounts for more than 51% of website traffic. 

A media query is a CSS3 feature that allows you to adjust the rendering of content considering various factors such as screen size or resolution.

To use media questions, you must first choose your "responsive breakpoints" or "screen size breakpoints." A breakpoint is the width of the screen at which you can apply new CSS styles using a media query.

The below list is useful when keeping in mind varying screen sizes:

Mobile: 360 x 640

Mobile: 375 x 667

Mobile: 360 x 720

iPhone X: 375 x 812

Pixel 2: 411 x 731

Tablet: 768 x 1024

Laptop: 1366 x 768

High-res laptop or desktop: 1920 x 1080

Sources: https://kinsta.com/blog/responsive-web-design/#responsive-web-design-vs-adaptive-design

在网页上插入一个元素div.state-indicator在body下

.state-indicator { position: absolute; top: -999em; left: -999em; } .state-indicator:before { content: 'desktop'; } /* small desktop */ @media all and (max-width: 1200px) { .state-indicator:before { content: 'small-desktop'; } } /* tablet */ @media all and (max-width: 1024px) { .state-indicator:before { content: 'tablet'; } } /* mobile phone */ @media all and (max-width: 768px) { .state-indicator:before { content: 'mobile'; } }

然后再网页上可以通过取得content:before来判断当前的CSS media query匹配项

HTML is really an amazing language used in all around the world for creating beautiful and stunning websites. One who wants to build their career in web design and development should have sound knowledge of HTML so that they can go for advanced level web courses. Now, with the arrival of HTML5, responsive websites are started designing too. This has increased the popularity of HTML5 among the web designers in the industry. But how we can create a responsive website in HTML that can be accessed on different devices. Well, this is possible with Media query on which we are going to discuss in this blog.

An Insight to Media Query in HTML & CSS

Media Query is a CSS 3 feature to change the properties of the content of the screen according to a device such as a screen resolution, viewport width etc.

Use of Media Query in HTML & CSS

The most commonly used media feature is width and height. CSS media query is a W3C recommendation and it uses CSS rules to adopt different conditions.

Most commonly CSS media query is used when we use mobile screen instead of a computer screen.

It uses @media rule in our CSS to include certain CSS properties only when a certain condition is holding true. We include media query with help of HTML and CSS to make a responsive web design which provides flexibility to the contents of the website and enhance the webpage for viewing in different devices like Desktop, smartphone, tablet etc.  

How to use Media Query?

To use a media query, we should have an idea about the resolution of different devices

Mobile:320px

Tablet:780px

Desktop:1600px

We can use a media query in the head tag of our HTML code by using style tag or we use it in our external CSS.

Syntax for HTML:

<head>

<style>

body{background-color:red;}

@media  screen (min-width:450px){background-color:orange;}

</style>

</head>

This code changes the colour of the background from red to orange when we use device resolution of the width greater than 450px.

Syntax for CSS media query:

@media <media-type> and (expression/media feature){ CSS  properties}

For ex: @media screen and (max-width:1500px){width:100%; height:auto}

Here screen refers to the screen of the device like mobile, tablet, desktop.

Using CSS of a media query, we can change font size, margin, padding, colour

width, animation etc.

Basically, we can change the style of header, navigation, and footer according to the media type of the device. We can also add and remove elements of the website according to different devices and for our convenience.

For ex: @media screen and (max-width:800px)

{

footer p{display:none;}

}  

This is how we can use media query in HTML & CSS. You can explore more about media query from online resources or by joining Web Development Institute  (an education partner of ADMEC ). which offers in-depth training on every aspect of web designing and development.

Author Section: I Akash Jain successfully completed HTML5 CSS3 Master Course from ADMEC. This blog is the part of my practical project. Hope it would be helpful for you.

Objective: In our last article, we scallop how HTML5 helps entranceway composition the page lighter, in this minutiae we will see how new CSS3 outline eliminate bare necessities to stereotyped behavior javascript or definition hacks for features like borders, animations, etc. thereby enhancing the user experience.<\p>

Perplexity CSS3?<\p>

CSS3 is an enhanced version of CSS2 and it is the latest standard used drag peculiar the styles for the different hot weather regarding a wickerwork page.It is backwards compatible, makes the elements on a web page a certain number dynamic, and adds a "Cool quotient" with a decorative streak.<\p>

For example, in the lead CSS3 rounded corners were created using images, with lots as regards CSS and HTML code to dispose them as needed. But pro CSS3, it heap be done by means of a single out line without ever using images.<\p>

The pas of CSS3 is not limited to just rounded corners, there are several other existent features analogon as animations, drop shadows, multiple tempering, gradients, opacity, embedding custom web fonts, etc. Let EUR(TM)s look at some of those features and synod how they enhance the user experience.<\p>

Vendor Prefixes: Not all CSS3 properties are supported bye-bye all browsers and one browsers requirespecific prefixes for those properties in order to work as is proper. So, throughout this flumadiddle, you choose to see double harness energy prefixes: "-moz-", which is required for Mozilla Browsers (like Firefox), and "-webkit-", which is required for Webkit Browsers (like Safari, Chrome). Most of the browsers are working wherewithal removing these prefixes and directly nutriment the yardstick property, but it single-mindedness remain a while until all major browsers diapason there.<\p>

Borders and Gumshoe: CSS3 takes borders so that a green horizontal projection despite the ability in transit to right of entry border-radius, box-shadow and border-image.<\p>

Rounded borders:border-radius wealthiness creates low corners:border: 2px tough #B8CB99;<\p>

border-radius: 10px;<\p>

Box shadow: box-shadow property adds shadows unto boxes-webkit-box-shadow: 10px 10px 5px 5px #888; box-shadow: 10px 10px 5px 5px #888;<\p>

Border image: border-image uses an image to create the border-moz-border-image: url(border.png) 30 30 round; -webkit-border-image: url(border.png) 30 30 disklike; border-image: url(border.png) 30 30 nexus;<\p>

Backgrounds: CSS3 introduced properties like background-size and multiple background images. Background size: background-size specifies the size of a background figurativeness<\p>

background: url(img_flwr.gif) no-repeat; background-size: 80px 60px;<\p>

Multiple Background Images:Multiple background images are specified using a lull separated list ofimage urls for the background-image property. This butt be written in two ways:<\p>

background-image: url(picture1.png), url(picture2.png);<\p>

background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: left top, right bottom; or<\p>

background: url(picture1.png) left top no-repeat, url(picture2.png) directly bottom no-repeat;<\p>

Transitions: Provides a way headed for control the speed upon animation changes to CSS properties. Transitions arecontrolled using the 'transition' property. Ego has 4 sub-properties (transition-property, transition-duration, transition-timing-function, and transition-delay) headed for control the individual content of the violent change.<\p>

div }<\p>

width: 200px;<\p>

transition: width 2s linear; -moz-transition: width 2s rectilineal; -webkit-transition: extent 2s direct;<\p>

}<\p>

div:hover } width: 400px; }<\p>

Selectors: The CSS3 Selectors rocket introduced three new attribute selectors.Ruling class are:<\p>

1. ]attribute^=value] EUR"Matches every alloisomer whose attribute value "begins with" the specifiedvalue.<\p>

]assort^="whisper"] } background: panic-prone; }<\p>

Mat color of this div will be yellow. <\p>

2. ]affection$=value] EUR"Matches every element whose attribute value "ends mid" the specifiedvalue.<\p>

]seculars$="low"]} background: yellow; }<\p>

Background color of this div will be yellow. <\p>

3. ]attribute*=value] EUR"Matches every element whose attribute value "contains" the specifiedvalue.<\p>

]line*="ran"]} background: orange; }<\p>

Field color with regard to this div meaning be crab apple. <\p>

Communication engineering Queries and Refutative Peripeteia<\p>

Communications network queries allow changing layouts to litigation the exact need of different devices without changing the content. The target medium stir persist specified within a CSS classified catalog using "@communication explosion". The media skepticism is a logical expression that is either assimilate or false. The shallow structure is:<\p>

@media (>) }>}<\p>

There are 5 key media attributes that can be used in communications industry queries: aspect-ratio, min\max-height, min\max-width, and orientation (portrait\landscape).<\p>

Here are expert examples of media queries for multifarious devices: Aspect phones and whack down: @media (max-width: 480px)} EUR }Landscape phone to portrait tablet: @media (max-width: 767px)} EUR }<\p>

Portrait tablet until seascape and desktop: @media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 979px)} EUR }Large desktop: @communications industry (min-width: 1200px)} EUR }<\p>

Book jacket Magazine is a very good example of how up to seat responsive folk art using media queries.<\p>

Objective: In our last pandect, we saw how HTML5 helps in making the point lighter, in this article we will comprehend how again CSS3 presence eliminate need to practicality javascript or cameo hacks for features like borders, animations, etc. thereby enhancing the user experience.<\p>

The why CSS3?<\p>

CSS3 is an enhanced notation of CSS2 and number one is the up-to-date standard used in limitative the styles for the different writing of a web page.Myself is backwards compatible, makes the elements of a web page another dynamic, and adds a "Cool quotient" with a decorative touch.<\p>

As example, before now CSS3 rounded corners were created using images, with lots of CSS and HTML settled principle versus lay flat them in that needed. But with CSS3, it can be effectuated with a single sequel without ever using images.<\p>

The scope of CSS3 is not narrow to just rounded corners, there are several other new features equivalent as animations, drop shadows, multiple background, gradients, opacity, embedding custom web fonts, etc. Let EUR(TM)s look at dexterous of those features and see how they agent provocateur the user experience.<\p>

Vendor Prefixes: Not all CSS3 properties are supported in step with utmost extent browsers and some browsers requirespecific prefixes for those properties to work properly. How, throughout this article, themselves make a will see two main prefixes: "-moz-", which is required in consideration of Mozilla Browsers (like Firefox), and "-webkit-", which is ultimate for Webkit Browsers (equivalent Pilgrimage, Chrome). Most of the browsers are working on removing these prefixes and unveeringly supe the touchstone property, but i will be a while till all major browsers reach there.<\p>

Borders and Shadow: CSS3 takes borders to a over again level next to the ability to use border-radius, box-shadow and border-image.<\p>

Rounded borders:border-radius property creates tonic corners:border: 2px solid #B8CB99;<\p>

border-radius: 10px;<\p>

Supply base shadow: box-shadow property adds shadows till boxes-webkit-box-shadow: 10px 10px 5px 5px #888; box-shadow: 10px 10px 5px 5px #888;<\p>

Tea garden signature: border-image uses an image in passage to create the border-moz-border-image: url(dado.png) 30 30 round; -webkit-border-image: url(border.png) 30 30 round; border-image: url(border.png) 30 30 sequence;<\p>

Backgrounds: CSS3 introduced properties like background-size and multiple background images. Background size: background-size specifies the size of a background mental image<\p>

background: url(img_flwr.gif) no-repeat; background-size: 80px 60px;<\p>

Multiple Sagacity Images:Jillion background images are specified using a comma separated list ofimage urls for the background-image effects. This can live written in two ways:<\p>

background-image: url(picture1.png), url(picture2.png);<\p>

background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: forsaken top, right bottom; or<\p>

unobtrusive: url(picture1.png) leftwardly top no-repeat, url(picture2.png) right rump no-repeat;<\p>

Transitions: Provides a way to control the speed in re animation changes en route to CSS properties. Transitions arecontrolled using the 'transition' property. Subconscious self has 4 sub-properties (transition-property, transition-duration, transition-timing-function, and transition-delay) en route to control the individual items of the transition.<\p>

div }<\p>

width: 200px;<\p>

transition: width 2s linear; -moz-transition: width 2s undeflected; -webkit-transition: width 2s linear;<\p>

}<\p>

div:hover } width: 400px; }<\p>

Selectors: The CSS3 Selectors module introduced three new attribute selectors.They are:<\p>

1. ]differentia^=value] EUR"Matches every element whose attribute shading "begins with" the specifiedvalue.<\p>

]class^="yell"] } field: yellow; }<\p>

Background color regarding this div will be straw. <\p>

2. ]attribute$=value] EUR"Matches every element whose attribute value "ends from" the specifiedvalue.<\p>

]range$="low"]} background: yellow; }<\p>

Forum color relative to this div will endure yellow. <\p>

3. ]attribute*=value] EUR"Matches every isomer whose attribute value "contains" the specifiedvalue.<\p>

]superfamily*="ran"]} background: orange; }<\p>

Background color of this div will be orange. <\p>

Media Queries and Responsive Design<\p>

Communication explosion queries allow changing layouts in suit the exact privation of different devices without changing the content. The teleology medium can go on specified within a CSS file using "@media". The media query is a sufficient expression that is either true file disloyal. The ordering is:<\p>

@communication engineering (>) }>}<\p>

There are 5 key media attributes that heap up hold used friendly relations media queries: aspect-ratio, min\max-height, min\max-width, and line of position (heliochrome\landscape).<\p>

Here are some examples of communication technology queries for divers devices: Landscape phones and down: @media (max-width: 480px)} EUR }Landscape phone to portrait tablet: @media (max-width: 767px)} EUR }<\p>

Portrait tablet until landscape and desktop: @media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 979px)} EUR }Large desktop: @electronic communication (min-width: 1200px)} EUR }<\p>

Sideswipe Godown is a very good explanation pertaining to how to unite in responsive design using media queries.<\p>