#map research

Maps are an essential part of our daily lives today, offering directions to new destinations, helping us to identify geographical boundaries and offering information about a specific region or terrain. As boundaries are dynamic, we cannot use contemporary maps when researching information about prior generations. Therefore, understanding not only where to locate older versions of maps, but how to read them, is an essential part of genealogical research.

As you begin your research, consider the following methodology for improving your overall search results:

Start with a Contemporary Map- When researching a particular area of the globe, start with reviewing a contemporary, or otherwise current, map of the area. Locate the place you are interested in evaluating, note the specific country or province in which it has been named today, note any surrounding areas and their direction from your identified site and note any geographic features such as bodies of water, mountain regions or shorelines. Keep in mind that the area you are searching for may not be present on a current map. It could also have been renamed. If this is the case, you can turn to a gazetteer for assistance. 

Locate and Review Historical Maps- Next, work to identify the period of time in which your ancestors lived in the area that you are researching. And, then locate a map from that area, during that time frame. If you get stumped, consider reaching out to search for information in the Map Guide to the U.S. Federal Censuses, 1790-1920 by William Thorndale. Locate the areas in which you have identified in step 1 using a contemporary map and compare it to the historical map for discrepancies. 

Identify Records Created and their Current Location- The types of records created during different time periods, and within different geographical regions, will vary. A good source for locating records and their current location is The Family Tree Sourcebook.

Contact the Repository to Obtain Record Copies- Once you have determined which records are available today and their current location, you can reach out to the facility housing the information. When you contact the repository, be sure to find out what documents they currently house, if documents have been lost or destroyed, whether documents are held offsite and what the procedures are for requesting to review documents in person.