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Interesting paper on the self organization algorithm. This phenomenon  is seen in crystal formation.

Natural algorithms. Amazing crystal symmetry images below! Behold an amazing example of the organization of matter

“There are various phenomena in which many identical elements make the whole form by self-organization. For example, in the growth process of a crystal, many atoms or molecules form regular lattice structure according to the principle of free energy minimization. Although atoms are very small and simple, when they aggregate, they make a symmetrical crystal in a macroscopic scale. Form of a living organism is also a result of self-organization process. Beginning from fertilization, it makes a peculiar form by dividing cells repeatedly and arranging them in a certain order. Primitive elements of this process are biological cells containing equivalent genetic information. The cells determine the form, through exchanging chemical substances. Although the behavior of a cell is farther complicated than the atom in a crystal, there is a common process in which global order of the system emerges from the cooperation of homogeneous elements influencing locally. “

Self-organizing Formation Algorithm for Active Elements 

Kenichi  FUJIBAYASHI1 *, Satoshi MURATA 1, Ken SUGAWARA 2,3 and Masayuki YAMAMURA1 

1Department of Computational Intelligence and Systems Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan

 2PREST, JST 

3 The Graduate School of Information Systems, The University of Electro-Communications, 

Read the full paper here: