#m.com year 1

स्थायी लाभांश नीति से आप क्या समझते है? यह फर्म को क्यों अपनानी चाहिए?

समाधान:  स्थायी लाभांश नीति –

लाभांश की स्थायित्व अभ्यास में ज्यादातर कंपनियों के प्रबंधन द्वारा एक वांछनीय नीति माना जाता है। शेयरधारक आम तौर पर इस नीति का पक्ष लेने के लिए प्रतीत होते हैं और उतार-चढ़ाव वाले लोगों की तुलना में स्थायी लाभांश को महत्व देते हैं। अन्य सभी चीजें समान हैं, स्थायी लाभांश नीति का हिस्सा शेयर के बाजार मूल्य पर सकारात्मक प्रभाव डाल सकता है।

The information relating to X &…

Low productivity of labour result in delays in carrying out the cargo work.

Solution: The various indicators of ports productivity are:

प्रश्न – श्रम कि कम उत्पादकता के फलस्वरुप कार्गो-कार्य करने में विलंब होता है।

समाधान: बंदरगाहों के विभिन्न संकेतक हैं

(a) number of vessels sailed per annum, (b) average pre-berthing waiting time (days), (c) average turn-around time, (d) output per ship berth day (tonnes), and (e) percentage of idle time to at berth to total time at berth.

Charterers pay only freight but, in certain cases, they may also be required to bear stevedoring expenses.

Solution: Though charterers pay only freight but, in certain cases, they may also be required to bear stevedoring expenses, wholly or partly. Stevedoring expenses include the loading, trimming or spouting and discharging expenses. The chartering agreement provides for the extent to which the charter rates cover these costs.

NORMALLY ORAL AGREEMENT ARE BINDING ON THE SHIP OWNERS AND THE CHARTERERS…

NORMALLY ORAL AGREEMENT ARE BINDING ON THE SHIP OWNERS AND THE CHARTERERS WHO NEGOTIATE AND FIX VESSELS

Solution:- Normally oral agreement is binding on the ship owners and the charterers who negotiate and fix vessels. But it is commercially prudent and a legally desirable to produce documentary evidence at the time of dispute between the two parties.

प्रश्न- सामान्यतया मौखिक समझौते (NORMALLY ORAL AGREEMENT) जहाज मालिक और चार्टर को बाध्य करते है जो बातचीत करते है और जहाज तय करते है।

Auxiliary…

Question 3. Briefly comment on the following: d. Logistics variable and costs interact in a complex and indirect way.

Solution: Logistics variable and costs interact in a complex and indirect manner. Cost reduction in one area can affect many other logistics costs. This entire set of complex interactions should be checked together in a systematic manner. Then, there are organizational struggles that make the logistics plan difficult. Responsibility for many logistic activities is spread through the organization.…