#lm386

I found the ZZRX-40 receiver while going through some old issues of QEX magazine. Designed by Craig Johnson (AA0ZZ), this is a very simple and easy-to-build 40m direct conversion receiver. Even though it is a simple circuit, it performs quite well for its size.

For this project, I decided to make my own PCB design because I wanted to use components that I could easily find in our local shops. Since I couldn't find any PCB files online, I drew the schematic in KiCad and designed a custom board. If you are interested in building this, I have shared the Gerber files and KiCad project files here: https://github.com/dilshan/zzrx40-clone.

The heart of this receiver is the popular NE602 (or SA602) mixer chip. This single chip handles both the local oscillator and the product detector, which makes the whole circuit very compact. Although it is designed for the 40-meter (7 MHz) ham band, my prototype was also able to pick up 41-meter band shortwave stations, especially strong signals from China Radio International (CRI).

The receiver has two oscillator modes. The Crystal-Controlled (VXO) mode is definitely the most stable way to use it. By using the tuning potentiometer, I could shift the frequency a few kHz up or down from the crystal's main frequency. I tested this with many different crystals from 2E0HQU Lester Russell's collection, including 7.000, 7.020, 7.030, 7.040, 7.050, 7.1424, 7.159, and 7.200 MHz, and they all worked perfectly.

There is also a VFO mode, which uses a 50pF trimmer capacitor for calibration. In my experience, this mode is a bit "drifty" compared to the crystals. You have to do a lot of fine-tuning to keep the station locked in. After the mixer, the signal goes through a low-pass filter and then to an LM386 audio amplifier. I tested both LM386N-1 and LM386N-4 versions, and both worked fine. You can use a small 8Ω speaker, but using low-impedance headphones gives much better audio when listening for weak stations.

What I really like about the ZZRX-40 is that it's not just a receiver, but a great tool for learning radio design. I added on-board jumpers to my PCB so I can bypass the internal oscillator. This is very useful because you can plug in an external oscillator, like a Si5351 VFO or an Arduino signal generator, to see how it performs.

The PCB for this project was fabricated by PCBWay, the project's generous sponsor, which provides comprehensive manufacturing, assembly, CNC, and 3D printing services. The PCB for this project is also available on PCBWay for direct ordering. Check out the PCBWay website for its manufacturing capabilities and pricing.

For my testing, I used a 9V DC power supply and my 50Ω outdoor wire antenna. Since I used the 1A version of the 7806 regulator in this design, it is safe to feed a 12V or 15V DC input to the circuit. For voltages under 12V, no heatsink is required for the 7806. Like the original ZZRX-40, this design also supports battery power, but it switches to battery only if the DC jack is removed (the manual power source selection switch was removed in my design).

The receiver is excellent for listening to CW and shortwave broadcasts. However, like many simple direct-conversion designs, SSB signals proved a bit more difficult to tune, and the audio was less intelligible in the 7.040 - 7.060 MHz range compared to CW.

Circuit Design Plan for LM386 Amplifier(2)

(http://bombneko.blog.fc2.com/blog-entry-56.html)

『（前略）音質に関しては価格相応（1個50円）だと長い間思われていましたが、あるオーディオマニアがICの内部等価回路をシミュレータで解析することで画期的な高音質回路を開発しました。 それが通称LM386革命です。回路図はこちら。

通常の使用方法と異なり、出力ピンから１ピンにR3とC3を介して負帰還をかけています。このR3の選び方がキモで、50kという値はフィードバック量が最大になり、かつ発振しないぎりぎりの値になっています。 開発者の努力と発想力には脱帽です。

この386革命アンプは、その辺の10万円程度のHiFiコンポ（最近聞かなくなった単語だ）と同等以上の音質があります。』

LM386

LM386

Low Voltage Audio Power Amplifier