#lead optimization

In the drug discovery process, finding a lead compound represents one of the most important tasks for researchers. Once scientists find a compound that affects the target molecule and passes a series of rigorous safety tests, they begin altering the structure of the compound to enhance certain biological and chemical properties. Often referred to as lead optimization, the alteration process results in safer and more effective compounds. Researchers often begin the lead optimization process by identifying interactions with other biological systems in the body and making the drug less likely to interact with them. By testing hundreds or even thousands of analogues, scientists can greatly decrease the likelihood of side effects. Lead optimization typically involves a significant back-and-forth between biologists, who test the compounds on living systems, and chemists, who make the desired alterations to the drug. At this stage, chemists also begin to consider logistics such as the delivery mechanism, inactive binding agents, and large-scale manufacturing.