Every MURDER is CULPABLE HOMICIDE but every CULPABLE HOMICIDE is NOT MURDER
Culpable Homicide and Murder sec 299-304(IPC)
Cases of homicide ( killing of human being , by another human being) punishable under the IPC are, culpable homicide not amounting to murder (sec 299 of IPC), murder ( sec 300 of the IPC), rash or negligent homicide (sec 304A of the IPC), and suicide (sec 305-306 of the IPC).
Culpable Homicide under sec 299 of the IPC is the causing of death by doing of,
An act with the intention of causing death,
An act with the intention of causing such bodily injury as is likely to cause death and
, An act with the knowledge that it was likely to cause death.In the absence of any of the above, an act resulting in the death of a Pearson would not constitute culpable homicide. The provision further provides three explanations wherein the presence or absence of factors in causing death nevertheless constitutes culpable homicide.
Illustration: A lays sticks and turf over a pit with intention of thereby causing death or with the knowledge that death is likely to be there by caused, Z be living the ground to be firm, treads on it, falls in and is killed. A has committed the offence of culpable homicide. To invoke this provision death must be said to have been caused. It is immaterial if the person whom the accused intended to kill was not killed and that some other person was killed. The offence is completed as soon as a person was killed. The death must be a proximate and not remote consequence of an act of violence.
Sec 300 of the IPC classifies a culpable homicide as 'murder', where:
Firstly if the act by which the death is caused is done with the intention of causing death,
Secondly, if it is done with the intention of causing such bodily injury as the offender knows to be likely to cause the death of the person to who the harm is caused by death,
Thirdly if it is done with the intention of causing bodily injury to any person and the bodily injury intended to be inflicted is sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death, or
Fourthly if the person committing the act knows that it is so imminently dangerous that it must, in all probability, cause death or such bodily injury as is likely to cause death and commits such act without any excuse for incurring the risk of causing death or such injury.
Therefore, every murder is culpable homicide but every culpable homicide is not murder.
Explanation:
A lays sticks and turf over a pit with intention of thereby causing death or with the knowledge that death is likely to be there by caused, Z believing the ground to be firm, treads on it, falls in and is killed. Now, this is culpable homicide not amounting to murder.
WHY: Intention - Yes.Death - Yes.The degree to the certainty of death - Not so much. (There is always the chance that you may notice the pit. Or even after falling, you may not die.)
Now A took his gun and went to B’s house. B opened the door and A shoot 5 bullets right into the B’s head. B was killed on the spot. Now, this is Culpable Homicide amount to Murder.
WHY: Intention - Yes.Death - Yes.The degree to the certainty of death - Most certain.
