If you haven’t learn 한글, which is lesson 2 then do that first then come back to this lesson. 

Batchim: Is a grammatical feature. It’s a consonant placed at the bottom and pronounced at the end in a Korean syllable block. 

Batchim (받침) mean support or prop because it supports other letters from below. You can’t distinguish which one is a 받침 or not with rominized Korean. You can see a big difference when you compare Korean language.

Rules:

ㅇ: 

If a syllable ends in  ㅇ → Rule:ㅇ makes an “ng” sound → Example: 사랑 (sa-rang)  

If a syllable ends in ㅎ and is followed by ㅇ → Rule: ㅎ is silent → Example: 맗이 (ma-ni)

If 받침 is followed by ㅇ → Rule: 받침 is carried over to replace the silent ㅇ → Example: 먹어요 becomes into → 머거요 (meo-geo-yo)

ㅌ: 

If syllable ends in ㅌ and is followed by 이 → Rule: Makes 치 (Chi) sound → Example: 같이 →  가치 (Ka-chi)

ㄷ: 

If syllable ends in ㄷ and is followed by 이 → Rule: Makes 지 (Ji) → Example: 귿이 → 구치 (Gu-chi)

ㄹ: 

If syllable ends in ㄹ → Rule: If followed by a constant: makes a L sound. If followed by: ㅇ: Make (kind of) r sound →  Examples: 살다 (sal-da) & 살아요 (Sa-ra-yo) (kind of a rolled r sound but shorter and tighter) 

Rule: Some consonant rules 

Combination: ㄴ + ㄹ →  Rule: Makes ㄹ + ㄹ sound → Example: 운래 → 월래 (wol-lae)

Combination: ㄹ + ㄱ →  Rule: Make just ㄱ sound & it ㄹ + ㄱ + ㄷ, then makes a ㄱ + ㄸ sound → Examples: 닭 →  닥 (dak) & 읽다 →  익따 (ik-dda)

Combinations: ㅅ + ㄷ →  Rule: Makes ㄸ sound → Example: 없다 →  업따 (eop-dda) 

Diphthongs: Are combinations of vowels. 

ㅐ: 

Dipthongs:ㅐ →  Pronounce: Ae →  Example: 애들 (Ae-dul)  

ㅓ:

Dipthongs: ㅓ → Pronounce: Eh → Example: 가게 (ga-geh)

ㅒ: 

Dipthongs: ㅒ → Pronounce: Yeh → Example: 개 (gae) 

ㅖ: 

Dipthongs: ㅖ → Pronounce: Yeh → Example: 계단 (gye-dan)

ㅢ: 

Dipthongs: ㅢ  → Pronounce: Eui → Example: 의사 (eui-sa)

ㅚ: 

Dipthongs: ㅚ → Pronounce: Weh → Example: 죄 (jweh) 

ㅘ: 

Dipthongs: ㅘ → Pronounce: Wah → Example: 찰영 (chwal-yeong) 

ㅙ: 

Dipthongs: ㅙ → Pronounce: Weh → Example: 왜요 (Wae-yo) 

ㅟ: 

Dipthongs: ㅟ → Pronounce: Wee → Example: 귀 (gwi)

ㅝ: 

Dipthongs: ㅝ  → Pronounce: Weo → Example: 월 (wol) 

ㅞ: 

Dipthongs: ㅞ  → Pronounce: Weh → Example: 웹사이트 (web-sa-ee-teu)