#kimasu

Kun-Lesung: i(ku), okona(u) On-Lesung: kou, gyou Bedeutung: gehen, agieren

Dieses Zeichen verwenden wir, wann immer wir ikimasu schreiben. In der Klammer steht (ku) das ist die Infinitivform des Verbes gehen. In der höflichen Form wird aus dem ku das kimasu. 行きます ikimasu - gehen

Kun-Lesung: ku(ru) On-Lesung: rai Bedeutung: kommen, das kommende, das nächste

Conjugation #4: Intro to Verbs

What is a verb? A verb is a word that describes some kind of action. Think of the words "talk," "run," and "sit" in English - these are all verbs. Verbs in Japanese are quite different from verbs in other languages. As mentioned in All About Japanese Lesson #3, verbs do not change according to the subject (who or what you are talking about or how many you are talking about). This means that you use the exact same form of the verb "talk" to say "I talk," "you talk," "he/she talks," and so on. There are also very few irregular Japanese verbs compared to the vast number found in Western languages.

What are the dictionary and masu forms of a verb? In Japanese, every verb has a dictionary form and a masu form. Let's take a look at the differences between them.

★ Dictionary Form: The dictionary form of a verb is called that because it is the form of the verb that shows up in the dictionary. It is also known as the present (non-past) informal form. By remembering verbs in this form, you can change them into whatever form is necessary. The dictionary form always ends in "u."

★ Masu Form: The masu form always ends in masu, and it is the present (non-past) formal form of a verb.

Verb Classes All classes sort into 3 classes. In this lesson, you'll learn how to tell the verb classes.

How can you tell which class a verb belongs to? (From masu form)

  ●  When masu is preceded by "i" ⇒ Class 1 verb   ●  When masu is preceded by "e" or a one syllable sound ⇒ Class 2 verb   ●  Kimasu ("to come"), shimasu ("to do")　⇒ Class 3 verb (irregular verb)

How can you tell which class a verb belongs to?（From dictionary form)

  ●  When the last three letters of the verb are -eru or -iru ⇒ Class 2 verb   ●  All verbs that are an exception to the above rule ⇒ Class 1 verb   ●  Kuru ("to come"), suru ("to do")　⇒ Class 3 verb (irregular verb)

Basic verb list

Dictionary Form ---- Masu Form ---- "English" ---- Class

会う ----------------- 会います -------- "to meet" ----- Class 1 au ------------------ aimasu  

ある ------------------ あります ------"to be, exist" ----Class 1 aru ------------------ arimasu ------ (inanimate)

遊ぶ ----------------- 遊びます ------- "to play" ----- Class 1 asobu -------------- asobimasu

話す ------------------ 話します ------ "to speak" ---- Class 1 hanasu ------------hanashimasu

行く ------------------ 行きます -------- "to go" ------ Class 1 iku ----------------- ikimasu

飲む ------------------飲みます -------- "drink" ------ Class 1 nomu -------------- nomimasu

言う ----------------- 言います -------- "to say" ----- Class 1 iu ------------------- iimasu

買う ----------------- 買います -------- "to buy" ----- Class 1 kau -----------------kaimasu

聞く -----------------聞きます -------- "to listen" ---- Class 1 kiku -----------------kikimasu

曲がる ---------------曲がります ------ "to turn" ----- Class 1  magaru ------------ magarimasu

立つ ---------------- 立ちます ------- "to stand" ---- Class 1 tatsu ---------------tachimasu

取る ---------------- 取ります ------- "to take" ----- Class 1 toru ----------------torimasu

見る ---------------- 見ます --------- "to see" ------ Class 2 miru --------------- mimasu

寝る ---------------- 寝ます -------- "to sleep" ------ Class 2 neru ---------------nemasu

いる ---------------- います ------- "to exist, to be" --- Class 2 iru ---------------- imasu ----------- (animate)

起きる -------------- 起きます ------ "to wake up" ----- Class 2 okiru --------------okimasu

食べる -------------- 食べます ------- "to eat" -------- Class 2 taberu ----------- tabemasu

来る ---------------- 来ます -------- "to come" ------- Class 3 kuru -------------- kimasu

する ----------------- します -------- "to do" --------- Class 3 suru ------------- shimasu

Suru verbs

In Japanese, we form many verbs by pairing a noun with the helping verb suru (する), meaning "to do." In these examples, the direct particle o (を) can come between the noun and the verb, but it is optional.

Dictionary Form ---- Romaji ---- Masu Form ---- Romaji ----"English"

勉強(を)する --- benkyō (o) suru -- 勉強します - benkyō (o) shimasu - "to study"

電話(を)する --- denwa (o) suru -- 電話します - denwa (o) shimasu - "to call"

ジョギング(を)する - jogingu (o) suru - ジョギングします - jogingu (o) shimasu - "to jog"

散歩(を)する -- sanpo (o) suru -- 散歩します -- sanpo (o) shimasu - "to go for a walk"